Productive farming . Fig. 110.—Yearling peach tree, before and after prmiing. Cut out some side twigs where they strike across throughthe tree top. Prune where they are too thick; such pruningis equivalent to thinning the fruit, making it larger. Letin the sunlight. Cut out all dead or diseased or broken where branches rub together. (Fig. 110.) 192 PRODUCTIVE FARMING Care in Pruning.—Avoid cutting very large branches ifseveral smaller cuts will accomplish the same result. Largewounds are apt to lead to internal decay. Leave the cut surfaces as smooth as possible. If a saw isever us
Productive farming . Fig. 110.—Yearling peach tree, before and after prmiing. Cut out some side twigs where they strike across throughthe tree top. Prune where they are too thick; such pruningis equivalent to thinning the fruit, making it larger. Letin the sunlight. Cut out all dead or diseased or broken where branches rub together. (Fig. 110.) 192 PRODUCTIVE FARMING Care in Pruning.—Avoid cutting very large branches ifseveral smaller cuts will accomplish the same result. Largewounds are apt to lead to internal decay. Leave the cut surfaces as smooth as possible. If a saw isever used, the wound should be smoothed with a knife. Cut side limbs as close to the main stems as leave stubs (Fig. 111). Cover the exposed tissues of the larger cut surfaces withpaint or grafting wax to prevent weathering and decay. Time to Prune.—Pruning by pinching off small shootsand disbudding can be practised to very good advantage in. Fig. 111.—Side limbs should be cut very close to the main stem, so the place mayheal over and get well. A was properly pnmed; B was pruned too far out. the summer time (Fig. 112). The main pruning, however,is done in very early spring before the sap begins to plants, such as grape vines, will bleed or lose much sapif pruned too late in the spring. ExEECisE.—Fruit Bvds.—Twigs bearing both fruit budsand leaf buds may be selected from the different kinds offruit trees in the neighborhood. Compare these and learnto recognize fruit buds on trees in winter (Fig. 113). Exercise.—Pruning.—A small tree or upright branchfrom the wood-lot may be cut and brought to school. Letpupils first mark with chalk what hmbs and twigs shouldbe taken off. Then have the pruning done in accordancewith the lesson taught in Fig. 109. Either sharp knives orspecial pruning shears (Fig. 114) may be used in this exercise. FRUIT PRODUCTION 193 Culture.—The young orchard should be-kept growingrap
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