. Biology of the vertebrates : a comparative study of man and his animal allies. Vertebrates; Vertebrates -- Anatomy; Anatomy, Comparative. The Release of Energy 401 forms, such as the sea-robin, Prionotus, and the toadfish, Opsanus, are exceptional noise-producers in a modest way among the otherwise mostly silent brotherhood of fishes. According to Tower, who has carefully investi- gated the matter, the chief source of the drumming noise in drum fishes is the contraction of a "drumming muscle," musculus sonificus (Fig. 335), which, being superficially attached to the swim bladder, &
. Biology of the vertebrates : a comparative study of man and his animal allies. Vertebrates; Vertebrates -- Anatomy; Anatomy, Comparative. The Release of Energy 401 forms, such as the sea-robin, Prionotus, and the toadfish, Opsanus, are exceptional noise-producers in a modest way among the otherwise mostly silent brotherhood of fishes. According to Tower, who has carefully investi- gated the matter, the chief source of the drumming noise in drum fishes is the contraction of a "drumming muscle," musculus sonificus (Fig. 335), which, being superficially attached to the swim bladder, "produces a vibration of the abdominal walls and organs, and espe- cially of the swim ; D. S. Jordan says that the "grunting" of the Haemu- lonidae is caused "by forcing air from part to part of the complex swim ; IV. LUNGS 1. General Plan Lateral Horn Head Central Tendon Lungs are the typical breathing organs of the higher verte'brates. Physiologically they represent an apparatus interposed be- tween the two parts of a double heart and in which air and blood are brought to- gether. Morphologically they consist of a much elaborated' respiratory surface of maximum exposure within a minimum space, together with a system of non- collapsible passage-ways for admitting air from the outside, that passes over these respiratory surfaces in intimate juxtaposi- tion with capillaries. The passage-ways to the lungs begin. Bladder Fig. 335. Swim, bladder of male squeteague, Cynoscion. The dou- ble musculus sonificus is shown laterally displaced. The central tendon of the musculus sonificus lies free in the mid-dorsal line just above the swim bladder and below the kidneys. The double musculus sonificus is inserted laterally in the common fascia of the rectus abdo- minis muscle, and by its contrac- tion in connection with the dis- tended swim bladder gives rise to the drumming sound. (After Tracy.) either with the nasal chamber or oral cav- ity, le
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