Airships past and present, together with chapters on the use of balloons in connection with meteorology, photography and the carrier pigeon . mCp A p., CDM PP Pt3 E= O & ^H CD re _>3 g o o T3 ^ ^1 § § CD Pp re . i^ m VI CD CD CD ^^ ^ P^3 ^ •r P! • a « S a rS « c S r| 2 9 A «^^ a <» ^ ^- m•3 co po lrr p| o-o ^ c oPj 0-— re _~ r 1 - =; 0 — _• - 0 s e3 O Tj e3 - 3 03 O • Q O 7. < CD re r: O - ?rS-V «P ^-1 p^p p< ^5§ 7Z1 =+p 43 O o CP-7 s; s o o ^ o CHAPTER IX. FLYING MACHINES. Flying machines include all such devices as enable a man tofly without the use of gas-bags, and to move i
Airships past and present, together with chapters on the use of balloons in connection with meteorology, photography and the carrier pigeon . mCp A p., CDM PP Pt3 E= O & ^H CD re _>3 g o o T3 ^ ^1 § § CD Pp re . i^ m VI CD CD CD ^^ ^ P^3 ^ •r P! • a « S a rS « c S r| 2 9 A «^^ a <» ^ ^- m•3 co po lrr p| o-o ^ c oPj 0-— re _~ r 1 - =; 0 — _• - 0 s e3 O Tj e3 - 3 03 O • Q O 7. < CD re r: O - ?rS-V «P ^-1 p^p p< ^5§ 7Z1 =+p 43 O o CP-7 s; s o o ^ o CHAPTER IX. FLYING MACHINES. Flying machines include all such devices as enable a man tofly without the use of gas-bags, and to move in any directionwith the help of such contrivances as are carried on board. Twoforces are therefore needed ; the one to overcome the force ofgravity, and the other to deal with the resistance of the oldest of these aerodynamic airships were worked by meansof contrivances of the nature of wings. The flight of birds wasthe obvious example to be imitated. It would be merely neces-sary to provide suitable means for flapping some kind of artifi-cial wing, and the thing would be done. Some devices of this. FlG-. 46.—Degens flying machine. nature have already been described. In 1784 Gerard constructeda flying bird ; the wings were moved by mechanical devices,hidden in a box, but the details of his arrangement are notknown. A man, named Meerwein, wrote a book in which hecarefully investigated the subject of the flight of birds, and atthe same time described a flying machine he had is said to have made some unsuccessful experiments nearGiessen, but he threw out the useful suggestion that experimentsof this kind were best conducted over an expanse of water. Blanchard made several ascents in Vienna, and this encourageda watchmaker of Basle, named Degen, to construct a flyingmachine. With the help of some counterweights, he was able to FLYING MACHINES. 91 fly short distances in a large hall. He made some unsuccessfulexperiments in Paris, and w
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