. The principles and practice of surgery. ly recommended, there is no reliableevidence of its value. Usually the operation is not very painful, nor isit generally followed by much reaction. In most cases the 0]3eningcloses speedily, even when a portion is excised. In vol. xvi. of theLancet, a case is related of speedy death ensuing upon the pricking ofthe tympanum with an ordinary needle; a circumstance winch may atleast admonish us not to make this ojDeration inconsiderately. Injuries of the Membrana Tympani.—The drum of the ear is fre-quently perforated by ulceration, and sometimes by the pr
. The principles and practice of surgery. ly recommended, there is no reliableevidence of its value. Usually the operation is not very painful, nor isit generally followed by much reaction. In most cases the 0]3eningcloses speedily, even when a portion is excised. In vol. xvi. of theLancet, a case is related of speedy death ensuing upon the pricking ofthe tympanum with an ordinary needle; a circumstance winch may atleast admonish us not to make this ojDeration inconsiderately. Injuries of the Membrana Tympani.—The drum of the ear is fre-quently perforated by ulceration, and sometimes by the pressure ojhardened cerumen; it has been ruptured, also, by the sharp jet of -asyringe, by pins used to clean the ear, by surgeons in the unskilful useof the probe, by the injudicious use of the nasal douche, by a blade ofstraw, by blows upon the head, and by the concussion caused in Eoosa has seen it ruptured by the explosion of a pistol, and manycases have occurred in which the rupture has been caused by the explo- Fig. Internal Surface of the Membrana Tympani, with Ossicula, and Chorda Tympani. Gruber. OTOSCOPY. 589 Fig. 309. sion of cannon. It has happened to me, however, to meet with only avery few examples resulting from the discharge of cannon during thelate war. When the drum is ruptured by concussion, the line of rent is usuallyposterior to, and parallel with, the handle of the malleus. Many ofthese wounds, also, speedily close; but in case they do not, the hearingis not of necessity seriously affected. Where very considerable deafnessensues, it is proper to infer that the deeper portions of the auditoryapparatus have been involved in the lesion. Fracture of the Handle of the Malleus.—This curious accidenthas been observed several times, and in one case by Dr. Weir, of thiscity. • In most or all the cases, it has been connected with a rupture ofthe tympanum. Generally the wound of the drum has ultimately closed,but the fracture has remained ununite
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