The origin and nature of the emotions; miscellaneous papers . o convulsi\e hands aie alteinately clenched and o])ened, often witha twitching mo\ement. Tlie arms may l)e protruded, asif to avert some dreadful danger, or may li(> thrown wildlyover the head. * * * In other cases there is a suddenand uncontrollable tendency to lieadhtng flight; and sostrong is this that the boldest soldiers may lie seized with asudden panic. As fear Iises to an exti-enie ])itch, the dread-ful scream of tei-ror is heard. (!re;it beads of sweat standon the skin. All the muscles of the body are relax
The origin and nature of the emotions; miscellaneous papers . o convulsi\e hands aie alteinately clenched and o])ened, often witha twitching mo\ement. Tlie arms may l)e protruded, asif to avert some dreadful danger, or may li(> thrown wildlyover the head. * * * In other cases there is a suddenand uncontrollable tendency to lieadhtng flight; and sostrong is this that the boldest soldiers may lie seized with asudden panic. As fear Iises to an exti-enie ])itch, the dread-ful scream of tei-ror is heard. (!re;it beads of sweat standon the skin. All the muscles of the body are prostration soon follows, and the mental ])owers intestines are affected. The s])hincter muscles cease toact and no longei- i-etain 1he contents of tlie body. * * * PHYLOGENETIC ASSOCIATION AND MEDICAL PROBLEMS 29 Men, during numberless generations, have endeavored toescape from their enemies or danger by headlong flight, orby violently struggling with them; and such great exertionswill have caused the heart to beat rapidly, the breathing. 3k,»..U- Fio. 12.—Photo Showing Facies of Person CJesessed by Fear. to be hurried, the chest to heave, and the nostrils to bedilated. As these exertions have often been prolonged tothe last extremity, the final result will have been utter pros-tration, pallor, perspiration, trembling of all the muscles,or their complete relaxation. And now, whenever the emo- 30 THE EMOTIONS tion of fear is str()np;ly felt, tlioiigh it may not load to anyexertion, tlio same results tend to reappear, through the forceof inheritance and association* (Fig. 12). In an experimental research, we found evidence thatthe ]ihysiologic phenomena of fear have a physical evidence is foimd in the morphologic alterations in thebrain-cells, which are similar to those ol^served in certainstages of surgical shock and in fatigue from muscular exer-tion (Figs. 2, 4, 5, and 13). For the present, we shall assumethat fear is a rcpresctttitlion of tra
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