. Dairy farming : being the theory, practice, and methods of dairying. Dairy farms; Dairy plants; Milk plants. Fig. 181.—HoLSTEiN Vertical Chukn. flavour and aroma; but if it is allowed to go too 181 is given far it destroys both of them, or, rather, carries them into a stage in creaming ]>rovails, the Holstein vertical churn is the most jmpular. In Fig. 181 we give an illustration of one of these churns, ol' a size suitable for use by hand; and in Fig. 182 a larger one, suit- able for horse, steam, or water power, and for use in large estab- lishments. Fig. 18;3 shows the method of attachi
. Dairy farming : being the theory, practice, and methods of dairying. Dairy farms; Dairy plants; Milk plants. Fig. 181.—HoLSTEiN Vertical Chukn. flavour and aroma; but if it is allowed to go too 181 is given far it destroys both of them, or, rather, carries them into a stage in creaming ]>rovails, the Holstein vertical churn is the most jmpular. In Fig. 181 we give an illustration of one of these churns, ol' a size suitable for use by hand; and in Fig. 182 a larger one, suit- able for horse, steam, or water power, and for use in large estab- lishments. Fig. 18;3 shows the method of attaching this churn to an ordinary horse-gear. In the inside of these churns three round-edged pieces of wood are fastened in a perpendicular position and equi-distant from each other; the revolving beater-frame dashes the cream against them, and they cause the cream to return to the centre of the churn, so that a continuous and somewhat violent agitation is maintained. In Fig. a section of the churn showing: this interior construction. which they are no longer attractive to the palate. The in- troduction of extra- neous matter, also, may easily induce a sort of fermentation or decomposition which will develop an aroma which is foreign, or may pre- vent the development of that which we should naturally ex- pect to find in a well-ordered article; and hence it is that cleanliness and care of the minutest kind are in handling so delicate and vola- tile a thing as milk. Churns. Fig. 182.—Holstein Vertical Chcrn, A great variety of churns are in use, most butter-making countries having several very good and favourite kinds. In Northern Europe, where the Swartz system of 43 The fixed dashers are marked a, and the revolving ones b, while a thermometer is seen at c. The churns, being simply constructed, are easily cleaned when the revolving beater is taken out. The larger ones are bal- anced on axles, so that they are easily emptied when the churning is com- pleted, and as eas
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