. A history of the earthquake and fire in San Francisco; an account of the disaster of April 18, 1906 and its immediate results. the Department ofSeismology of the University of Tokio, and inventorof the Omori seismograph, is regarded as the great-est living authority on earthquakes. He spent twomonths in California, studying the fault, embody-ing his conclusions and deductions in a report for theJapanese government. As to the causes of earth-quakes he says: The very ultimate causes of great earthquakesare probably to be traced to the cooling and contrac-tion of the earth, and, to some degree,
. A history of the earthquake and fire in San Francisco; an account of the disaster of April 18, 1906 and its immediate results. the Department ofSeismology of the University of Tokio, and inventorof the Omori seismograph, is regarded as the great-est living authority on earthquakes. He spent twomonths in California, studying the fault, embody-ing his conclusions and deductions in a report for theJapanese government. As to the causes of earth-quakes he says: The very ultimate causes of great earthquakesare probably to be traced to the cooling and contrac-tion of the earth, and, to some degree, the change ofthe distribution of the matter constituting the landand ocean bottom. The more immediate cause ofsuch earthquakes is, however, frequently the activityof mountain-making forces which produce fractur-ing, etc., along an extended zone. Different externalagencies which act on the earth, and many of whichare periodic, may be regarded as secondary causesof earthquakes. Such a fracturing along an extended zone nearSan Francisco is known to have occurred in con- . Pt. Arena Earthquake Fault-line. Pt C,p,UH^S Pajaro • Salinas Map Showing Region Affected by Earthquake, and Line of the Fault 36 THE FAULT LINE junction with the great earthquake of April i8, 1906,—a fracture extending over a length of two hundredmiles. From near Salinas on the south to PointArena on the north there is a clearly defined fault,which extends over a long-known geological faultline of even greater length, and runs in a direct linejust back of San Jose and Stanford University, andthrough the two reservoir lakes in which San Fran-cisco stores its water supply. These latter are situ-ated in long, deep, and narrow canons which are partof the great cleft or trough along the line of this oldfault. On a relief map this trough shows up very
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