. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Zoology . CLUPEOID FISHES OF THE GUI ANAS 89. Fig. 30. Maxilla tip and opercular series in species of Engraulis. a. E. encvasicolus, 128-9 mm , Holland (BMNH ) b. E. anchoita, 127-2 mm , Argentine (BMNH ) c. E. ringens, 129-8 mm , Chile (BMNH ) d. , 123-2 mm (type, BMNH ) This group contains three entirely New World species, E. mordax and E. ringens of North and South American Pacific coasts, and E. anchoita of Atlantic coasts. The latter resem
. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Zoology . CLUPEOID FISHES OF THE GUI ANAS 89. Fig. 30. Maxilla tip and opercular series in species of Engraulis. a. E. encvasicolus, 128-9 mm , Holland (BMNH ) b. E. anchoita, 127-2 mm , Argentine (BMNH ) c. E. ringens, 129-8 mm , Chile (BMNH ) d. , 123-2 mm (type, BMNH ) This group contains three entirely New World species, E. mordax and E. ringens of North and South American Pacific coasts, and E. anchoita of Atlantic coasts. The latter resembles members of Engraulis Group i in having median and lateral spines on the gillrakers (Figure 31a). In E. mordax and E. ringens the median series of spines is absent and the lateral series are rather longer and more close-set (Figure 31b) ; they also have a deep flange behind the gillrakers, as in Cetengraulis. Cetengraulis juruensis Boulenger, 1898 from the Jurua river (tributary of Amazon), hitherto known only from the type (123-2 mm , BMNH - figured by Boulenger 1898 : pi. 41, fig. 3), was wrongly placed in Cetengraulis by Hildebrand (1943 : 158). It resembles species of Cetengraulis in its long and pointed snout, and in the presence of a flange running behind the bases of the gillrakers on the first three arches (see Figure 40). However, it lacks the long branchiostegal rays and broadly united membrane of Cetengraulis and in its cylindrical body is much nearer to species of Engraulis. It resembles members of Group 2 above in the absence of gillrakers on the posterior face of the 3rd epibranchial, as well as in having occluded posterior frontal fontanelles. It differs from Engraulis {sensu lato) in being freshwater and in having only a median series of gillraker serae, a flange behind the gillraker bases (as also in E. mordax and E. ringens, however), a very small pterotic bulla, no ventral bulge at the anterior end of the isthmus, a very different shape
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