Transactions and proceedings of the Royal Society of South Australia (Incorporated) . ndreports of the Geological Survey of South Australia, , BulletinNo. 4, plate facing p. 25 (1915). (7) Memoirs of the National Museum, Melbourne, No. 5,Frederick Chapman, 1914, p. 48. (8) The Portland (Vict.) Bore penetrated these limestones toa depth of 2,265 ft. Ann. Rep. Sec. Mines, Vict., 1895, p. 60. 175 absence of surface streams. Swamps abound, and in thewinter time these overflow and unite as broad flowing sheetsof water. The rocks are in the main very porous, with abundantcaverns, collapses, and
Transactions and proceedings of the Royal Society of South Australia (Incorporated) . ndreports of the Geological Survey of South Australia, , BulletinNo. 4, plate facing p. 25 (1915). (7) Memoirs of the National Museum, Melbourne, No. 5,Frederick Chapman, 1914, p. 48. (8) The Portland (Vict.) Bore penetrated these limestones toa depth of 2,265 ft. Ann. Rep. Sec. Mines, Vict., 1895, p. 60. 175 absence of surface streams. Swamps abound, and in thewinter time these overflow and unite as broad flowing sheetsof water. The rocks are in the main very porous, with abundantcaverns, collapses, and run-away holes. The limestonescontain the extensive sub-artesian fresh-water basin of themiocene Murray Gulf, the waters of which are mainlyderived from local rainfall and from the rainfall in theadjoining counties of Lowan and Follett (Victoria).(9) Theaverage rainfall at Mount Gambier itself is 30 to 35 the coast the water-table of the sub-artesian basin iscut by the land surface, and beautiful streams of fresh water Blue UKfc Leg of (VJuHon lake Punch-bow ^3 Tower(Point. Fig. of the present-day remnants of Mount Gambier,looking along the line of the lakes, to show the chief features. emerge at such places at Ewen Ponds, Dingley Dell, and theinteresting miniature mound springs near Beachport. Thesurface of the underground water is about 70 to 80 ft. abovesea level at Mount Gambier (140 ft. above sea level), andis there exposed to view in a series of four beautiful lakes. The limestones decompose to a red clay, and the chiefmodifying feature of the surface soils is the peaty (9) Maps submitted to First and Second Interstate Confer-ence on Artesian Water (A. S. Kenyon), 1912 (p. 32 of report)and 1914. 176 accumulations of the extensive swamp areas and the sand ofthe ancient dune ridges. The most fertile areas are thosewhere basaltic ash fragments have been deposited. (b) Mount Gambier.—The immediate neighbourhood ofMount Gambier might best be described
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