. Manual of fruit insects. this growing along roadsides and fences and in other wasteplaces these trees are usually worthless and should be cut down,as they serve as centers of infestation for near-by orchards. References N. Y. (Geneva) Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 152, pp. 279-297. 1898. Conn. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 139. 1902. N. H. Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull. 6. 1903. Parasites. 118 FRUIT INSECTS The Western Tent-caterpillar Malacosoma fragilis Stretch From the Rocky ]\Iountains westward the apple-tree tent-caterpillar is replaced by a number of forms all very much alikein habits and in the


. Manual of fruit insects. this growing along roadsides and fences and in other wasteplaces these trees are usually worthless and should be cut down,as they serve as centers of infestation for near-by orchards. References N. Y. (Geneva) Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 152, pp. 279-297. 1898. Conn. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 139. 1902. N. H. Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull. 6. 1903. Parasites. 118 FRUIT INSECTS The Western Tent-caterpillar Malacosoma fragilis Stretch From the Rocky ]\Iountains westward the apple-tree tent-caterpillar is replaced by a number of forms all very much alikein habits and in the form and coloration of the moths. Thecaterpillars, however, are different. From the Rockies to theSierras and from INIexico to Canada the dominant form is M. fragilis. It forms aweb like its eastern rela-tive and has a similar lifehistory. In Colorado the larvsebecome full-grown by July1, and the moths emergeand lay their eggs duringthe latter part of themonth. The full-grownlarva is similar to theeastern form but is pale. Fig. 128. — Western tent-caterpillars. blue or blue-gray on the sides, and the median line has arow of bluish spots instead of the whitish line (Fig. 128).The species is single brooded. The larvse feed on apple, wil-low, poplar, wild cherry, wild rose and wild gooseberry. Control. The same remedial measures are suggested for this speciesas for the apple-tree tent-caterpillar. Another species, Malacosoma pluvialis Dyar occurs in thePacific Northwest. Very little is known concerning it exceptthat in habits and life history it does not differ greatly from theother species. ReferenceOre. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 33. 1894. APPLE INSECTS — BUDS AND FOLIAGE 119 The Forest Tent-caterpillarMalacosoma disstria Hiibner The common name of this species is a misnomer, for the cater-pillars do not construct a true tent, as in the case of the pre-ceding species. It is closely related to the apple-tree tent-caterpillar, and has a similar life history, but its habits aredecid


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