. Effects of different systems and intensities of grazing upon the native vegetation at the Northern Great Plains Field Station. Grazing; Forage plants; Agricultural systems. 10 BULLETIN 1170, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. been in operation there have been little heading and seeding of blue grama grass (Boateloua gracilis) in the fall division. There have been heading and seeding of this grass in the spring-grazed division, however. Grazing or mowing seems to stimulate its production of flower stalks and heads. The vitality of the seeds is very low, and only a few ever germinate. This fact
. Effects of different systems and intensities of grazing upon the native vegetation at the Northern Great Plains Field Station. Grazing; Forage plants; Agricultural systems. 10 BULLETIN 1170, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. been in operation there have been little heading and seeding of blue grama grass (Boateloua gracilis) in the fall division. There have been heading and seeding of this grass in the spring-grazed division, however. Grazing or mowing seems to stimulate its production of flower stalks and heads. The vitality of the seeds is very low, and only a few ever germinate. This fact is further evidence that the value of this grazing system lies largely in the effects of normal development upon the plants. PERIOD OF GRAZING AND CATTLE USED. The period of grazing has been five months during the warm season. Grazing has started in the spring from May 15 to June 1 and continued to October 15 or November 1. Three years out of the. Fig. 3.—Two-year-old steers used in the grazing experiment. These steers are of the type used at the Northern Great Plains Field Station, near .Mandan, N. Dak., dur- ing 1921. six the seasonal grazing has started in May, and three years on June 1. This experiment does not take into consideration winter grazing, which should not be depended upon in this section of the Plains. The severe conditions of the winter of 1921-22 emphasize this fact. The cattle used for the grazing work have been 2-year-old grade steers of the standard beef breeds. Figures 3 and 4 illustrate the type of steers that have been used. The 2-year-old beef steer was decided upon as the unit, as (a) he seemed to be the unit most used by ranchmen figuring on this question; (&) he has about the average capacity for consumption between yearlings, cows, and large steers; (c) he is not disturbed, like the heifer, by periods of cestrum or by calving during the 10 Shepperd, J. H. Carrying capacity of native range grasses in North Dakota. In Jour. Amer. Soc. A
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