. The Canadian field-naturalist. Natural history; Sciences naturelles. 160 The Canadian Field-Naturalist Vol. 119. Figure 1: Study site location within British Columbia, Canada. lock, wet submaritime (CWHWS) biogeoclimatic sub- zone (Banner et al. 1993). The second-growth forest consisted primarily of Western Hemlock (Tsuga het- erophylla), Amabilis Fir (Abies amabilis), and Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis) with a minor component of Western Red Cedar (Thuja plicata). The study stands were located on a west-facing slope with gradient up to 40% present. The lower boundaries of the study stands we
. The Canadian field-naturalist. Natural history; Sciences naturelles. 160 The Canadian Field-Naturalist Vol. 119. Figure 1: Study site location within British Columbia, Canada. lock, wet submaritime (CWHWS) biogeoclimatic sub- zone (Banner et al. 1993). The second-growth forest consisted primarily of Western Hemlock (Tsuga het- erophylla), Amabilis Fir (Abies amabilis), and Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis) with a minor component of Western Red Cedar (Thuja plicata). The study stands were located on a west-facing slope with gradient up to 40% present. The lower boundaries of the study stands were at approximately 200 m elevation and the upper boundaries were at approximately 450 m elevation. Average minimum monthly temperatures varied con- siderably from month-to-month and from year-to-year over the four winters of the project. Fourteen of the 20 months of this study had average minimum temper- atures of -4°C or lower and 6 of the 20 months had average minimum temperatures of-12°C or lower. Methods During the winters (November - March) of 1996 to 2000, using systematic searches of the study area, 33 Porcupines were located and captured. Once located, the Porcupine was netted, using a large dip-net, if the animal was out of its den. If the animal was in its den, a Tomahawk, single door live-trap (40 x 40 x 100 cm) was placed at the den entrance and left overnight. Once captured, the animal was drugged using a 10:1, ketamine (10 mg/kg): xylazine (1 mg/kg) combination. To reduce the time to recovery of smaller animals, 1 kg was subtracted from body weight when determining dosage. This procedure ensured that smaller animals, that could be processed more quickly and were more susceptible to exposure to cold temperatures, recovered more quickly than larger animals that required more processing time and were less susceptible to exposure to cold temperatures. Throughout the winter months from 1996 to 2000 each collared animal was located three times per week, using handhel
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