China: Empress Xiao Jing Yi (1492-1535), consort of the 11th Ming Emperor Zhengde (r. 1505-1521). Hanging scroll painting, 16th-17th century. Empress Xia, formally Empress Xiaojingyi, was the consort of the Zhengde Emperor (r. 1505-1521) of the Ming Dynasty. She married the emperor in 1506, and was known to be elegant and virtuous. She produced no childred however, and when the Zhengde Emperor died childless in 1521, his cousin, the Jiangjing Emperor, succeeded him. She was given the title Empress Chuang-su, as she could not be an Empress Dowager.

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