. A short history of England and the British Empire. ilence, John Wycliffe,1a professor of theology atOxford, was developing aset of heretical JohnWycliffe:opinions. Wy- his hereticalcliffe was one opinionsof the many Englishmenwho disliked to render serv-ice and submission to theFrench pope. He waslargely influential in themovement that abolishedthe papal tribute in 1366 :he furnished the argumentthat parliament used tojustify the repudiation. Wycliffe also gradually came to doubta large part of the medieval theological system. Especiallyimportant was his position on the subject of the Euchar
. A short history of England and the British Empire. ilence, John Wycliffe,1a professor of theology atOxford, was developing aset of heretical JohnWycliffe:opinions. Wy- his hereticalcliffe was one opinionsof the many Englishmenwho disliked to render serv-ice and submission to theFrench pope. He waslargely influential in themovement that abolishedthe papal tribute in 1366 :he furnished the argumentthat parliament used tojustify the repudiation. Wycliffe also gradually came to doubta large part of the medieval theological system. Especiallyimportant was his position on the subject of the Eucharist,or Lords supper. For several centuries it had been the offi-cial belief of the church that when the priest consecrated thebread and wine that were used in the sacrament, they becamethe body and the blood of the Savior; this doctrine was knownas transubstantiation. Wycliffe rejected this belief and all thatthe doctrine might imply. As transubstantiation was a fun-damental tenet in the church, Wycliffes position was distinctly 1 Cheyney, No. John WycliffeFrom an engraving by Alexander Van Hecken. 172 SOCIAL AND POLITICAL REVOLUTION revolutionary. He also held peculiar views on the subject of social organization : he looked on all land from the opinions on feudal view-point, as held from some higher lord society and m return for service. But as it was inconceivablegovernment. ,-,1111 tit • , . that God should want a disobedient sinner as his tenant or vassal, it was clear to Wycliffe that only the righteous were entitled to hold For the churchmen he had only slight respect; he charged the entire hierarchy from pope to priest with wickedness and sin. He also held that the friars were of little service to the world, and that the ascetic life of monks and nuns was less holy than the active life. For an age that believed in ascetic ideals, this was a hard doctrine. The patience of the church was at last exhausted, and 1377. in 1377 the pope ordered Wycliffe to be tr
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