. Steel rails; their history, properties, strength and manufacture, with notes on the principles of rolling stock and track design . Many of these practices, it is felt to-day, were entirely without reason, and itis difficult to say as a general proposition that the steel produced was better than is * See paper on Steel Rails, and Specifications for Their Manufacture, R. W. Hunt. Institute of Mining Engineers, Vol. XVII (1SS8-S9), p. 226. 324 INFLUENCE OF DETAIL OF MANUFACTURE 325 obtainable at the present time. Mr. Buffington stated positively to the IndianaRailway Commission,
. Steel rails; their history, properties, strength and manufacture, with notes on the principles of rolling stock and track design . Many of these practices, it is felt to-day, were entirely without reason, and itis difficult to say as a general proposition that the steel produced was better than is * See paper on Steel Rails, and Specifications for Their Manufacture, R. W. Hunt. Institute of Mining Engineers, Vol. XVII (1SS8-S9), p. 226. 324 INFLUENCE OF DETAIL OF MANUFACTURE 325 obtainable at the present time. Mr. Buffington stated positively to the IndianaRailway Commission, at its hearing, that the quality of the metal is to-day muchbetter than it ever was before, owing to the increased knowledge and better machinesand mechanical appliances than formerly existed. Mr. James E. Howard, in his report of the accident on the Great NorthernRailway, near Sharon, N. D., on December 30, 1911, states: It is important toconsider whether an improvement in the structural condition of rail steel is attain-able. Such seems to be the case, since experimental rollings have furnished rails ^150, . . , .$150 100. I850 I860 18 70 I880 I890 YEAPFig. 220. — Prices of Iron and Bessemer Steel Rails, 1855 to 1910 I900 19 lO which, so far as could be asceilained, were free from streaks ... It is believed tobe metalluigically feasible to produce better steel than has at times been offeredand accepted. No doubt the failures which have their origin in defective metal are consider-ably augmented by the character of the stress in the rail. On account of the con-centration of the load on a small area, the stress is not distributed, and consequentlya metal of a gieat degiee of uniformity is required. With the large wheel loads now in use the injurious effect of inferior materialin the rail is much more apparent than in other structures not subjected to suchhighly localized stresses. The situation calls for a refinement of manufacture notgenei-ally realized in practice, and is f
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