Ilios; the city and country of the TrojansThe results of researches and discoveries on the site of Troy and throughout the Troad in the years 1871-72-73-78-79, including an autobiography of the author . 9 Pre-historic Times, p. 82. 10 Professor Virchow observes to me that jade(nephrite) has never been found in SouthAmerica in a natural state, but only worked outinto implements. 11 Pre-historic Times, p. 167. 1 Heinrich Fischer, Nephrit und Jadeit nachihren mineralogischen JSigenschaften, sowie nach ihrer urgeschichtlichen und ethnographischen Be-deutung; Stuttgart, 1875. 2 Smithsonian Contribu
Ilios; the city and country of the TrojansThe results of researches and discoveries on the site of Troy and throughout the Troad in the years 1871-72-73-78-79, including an autobiography of the author . 9 Pre-historic Times, p. 82. 10 Professor Virchow observes to me that jade(nephrite) has never been found in SouthAmerica in a natural state, but only worked outinto implements. 11 Pre-historic Times, p. 167. 1 Heinrich Fischer, Nephrit und Jadeit nachihren mineralogischen JSigenschaften, sowie nach ihrer urgeschichtlichen und ethnographischen Be-deutung; Stuttgart, 1875. 2 Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, , Washington, 1876; the Arch. Coll. of theU. S. Nat. Museum, p. 17. Idem, No. 259, Explor. of Aboriginal Pemains ofTennessee, pp. 51 and 142. See further Archivesdo Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de 244 THE FIKST PRE-HISTORIC CITY. [Chap. V. Under Nos. 91 and 92 I represent two well-polished perforated axesfound in the first city, of which the former, according to Mr. Davies, is of No. Nos. 91, 92. Two polished perforated Axes. (Ab ut half actual size. Depth, 45 to 52 ft.) haematite, the latter of porphyry. Similar perforated axes, either withtwo sharp edges, or with only one, like No. 92, occur in all the fourlowest pre-historic cities of Hissarlik. Mr. Davies, who examined anumber of them, found them to consist of diorite, porphyry, siliciousrock, haematite, hornblende, gneiss, crystalline limestone, blue serpentine,gabbro-rock, &c. Whence the pre-historic peoples of Hissarlik obtainedall these varieties of stones, I have not been able to find out. Diorite theymay have got from the valley of the Ehodius, where, as Mr. Calvertinforms me, it is plentiful. Like the axes described above, these perforated axes were evidentlyused for domestic purposes as well as for battle-axes. They are exceed-ingly rare in the Swiss Lake-habitations; in fact, no entire specimenshave ever been found there. The two halves of such an axe, whichLindenschmit3 repr
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