. A treatise on anatomy, physiology and hygiene : designed for colleges, academies and families. the chest and abdomen in respiration. 1, 1, The positionof the walls of the chest in inspiration. 2, J, 2, The position of the diaphragm ininspiration 3, 3, The position of the walls of the chest in expiration. 4, 4, 4, Theposition of the diaphragm in expiration. 5, 5, The position of the walls of the abdo-men in inspiration. 6, 6, The position of the abdominal walls in expiration 482. Thus it is obvious that the enlargement of the chest,or inspiration, is produced in two ways : 1st. By the depres-
. A treatise on anatomy, physiology and hygiene : designed for colleges, academies and families. the chest and abdomen in respiration. 1, 1, The positionof the walls of the chest in inspiration. 2, J, 2, The position of the diaphragm ininspiration 3, 3, The position of the walls of the chest in expiration. 4, 4, 4, Theposition of the diaphragm in expiration. 5, 5, The position of the walls of the abdo-men in inspiration. 6, 6, The position of the abdominal walls in expiration 482. Thus it is obvious that the enlargement of the chest,or inspiration, is produced in two ways : 1st. By the depres-sion of the convex portion of the diaphragm ; 2d. By theelevation of the ribs. On the contrary, the contraction of the Explain fig. 96. 482. In how many ways may the chest be enlarged, andhow is it accomplished ? How ia the contraction of the chest effected ? PHYSIOLOGY OF THE EESPIKATORY ORGANS. 221 chest or expiration, is produced by the depression of the ribs,and elevation of the central part of the diaphragm. Thesemovements are successive during hfe, and constitute res-piration. Tiz. 97,. Y\g. 97 A side view of the chest and abdomen in respiration. 1, The cavity ofthe chest. 2, The cavity of the abdomen. 3, Tlie line of direction for the diaphragmwhen relaxed in expiration. 4, Tlie line of direction for the diaphragm when con-tracted in inspiration. 5, 6, The position of the front walls of the chest and abdo-men in inspiration. 7, 8, The position of the front walls of the abdomen and chestin expiration. Experiment. Place the ear upon the chect of a person,and a murmuring sound will be heard, somewhat like the soft This sound is sicrhinfTs of the wind through forest trees. Explain fig. 97. How may the murmur of respiration te heard r 19 * ^ 12 ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, AND HYGIENE. 4 caused by the air rushing in and out of the lungs, and ispeculiarly distinct in the cliild. 483. It is not easy to decide how much air is taken intothe lungs at each inspiration. The quantity, howeve
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