. Comparative anatomy and physiology. Chap. IX.] SKULL OF BIRDS. which they are connected with the frontal and with the ( palatines are very important factors in the attachment l of the beak to the cranium ; especially is this the case in those skulls in which ossification of the ethmoidal region is incomplete. In the wood-peckers, where the head is " employed. it Fig. 143.—Side view of a Dissected Head of a common Wood-pecker. (Half nat. size.) «iy Upper and lower jaws ; t, barbed tip of tongue; tlih, thyrobyal of right side, with its muscle and sheath; o, right orbit; «, right nostril;
. Comparative anatomy and physiology. Chap. IX.] SKULL OF BIRDS. which they are connected with the frontal and with the ( palatines are very important factors in the attachment l of the beak to the cranium ; especially is this the case in those skulls in which ossification of the ethmoidal region is incomplete. In the wood-peckers, where the head is " employed. it Fig. 143.—Side view of a Dissected Head of a common Wood-pecker. (Half nat. size.) «iy Upper and lower jaws ; t, barbed tip of tongue; tlih, thyrobyal of right side, with its muscle and sheath; o, right orbit; «, right nostril; sg, salivary gfand ; m, m, muscles of neck ; a?, oesophagus ; tr, trachea ; rm, retractor muscles of tongue. (.After Macgillivray.) as a powerful hammer or axe, whose strokes can be heard at a considerable distance " (Garrod), the bones of the skull are thicker and stronger than in most birds, and the upper jaw has its power of vertical movement considerably limited. The articulation of the palatine with the basisphenoid disappears, in consequence of the feeble development of the hinder. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Bell, F. J. (Francis Jeffrey), 1855-1924. London, Cassell
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