The points of the horse : a familiar treatise on equine conformation . hecentre of which it is covered by only a thin plate of bone. The cerebellum,which, in the horse, is a great deal smaller than the cerebrum, lies below the(occipital crest) top of the head, when the face is held at an angle of about45° with the ground. The proportion which the weight of the brain bears to that of thespinal cord, is regarded by many as a fair guide to the intellectualcapacity of an animal. The following is a list of a few examples of the 44 SKETCH OF THE ANATOMY OF THE HORSE. average number of times the brai
The points of the horse : a familiar treatise on equine conformation . hecentre of which it is covered by only a thin plate of bone. The cerebellum,which, in the horse, is a great deal smaller than the cerebrum, lies below the(occipital crest) top of the head, when the face is held at an angle of about45° with the ground. The proportion which the weight of the brain bears to that of thespinal cord, is regarded by many as a fair guide to the intellectualcapacity of an animal. The following is a list of a few examples of the 44 SKETCH OF THE ANATOMY OF THE HORSE. average number of times the brain is heavier than the spinal cord in certainanimals:— 5*143752*402-302*272-18. In man 55 dog )j cat ?)?> ass •.1 pig horse The order of intellectual capacity given in the above table, agrees withthe conclusions I have drawn from my own experience with these animals. ( 45 ) CHAPTER V. MECHANISM OF BREATHING. The body of the horse {see Fig. 4), viewed apart from hishead, neck, limbs, and tail, may be divided into chest and Laryna:! OulUt ret<nS .Rectum-. Fig. 4.—Internal Organs of Horse. abdomen (belly), the former containing the lungs and heart ;the latter, the stomach, intestines, liver, bladder, and other 46 MECHANISM OF BREATHING. vital organs. This division is effected by a broad and some-what bell-shaped muscle, the diaphragm or midriff, which isattached, round its margin, to the ends of the last twelve ribs,to the rearmost extremity of the breast-bone, and to the spineunder the loins ; while its apex or centre projects it contracts, it tends to become flat, and thus enlargesthe capacity of the chest by pushing back the contents of theabdomen. Its action, especially during forced breathing, isaided by that of another muscle, which is attached by oneend to the last four neck vertebrae, and by the other to thefirst rib, which it pulls forward on contracting, and in thismanner helps to increase the size of the chest. Air is taken into, and expelled f
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, bookpublisher, booksubjecthorses
