. Foundations of botany. hestnut-bur is a kind of involucre, and so is the acorn-cup. The namenut is often incorrectly applied inpopular language; for example, theso-called Brazil-nut is really a largeseed with a very hard testa. 238. The Follicle. — One-celled,simple pistils, like those of the marshmarigold, the columbine, and a goodmany other plants, often produce afruit which dehisces along a single cles and a Single Follicle guturc, USUallv the VCUtral OUC. Suchof tne Monkshood. ^ a fruit is called sl follicle (Fig. 168).• 239. The Legume. — A legume is a one-celled pod,formed by the matur
. Foundations of botany. hestnut-bur is a kind of involucre, and so is the acorn-cup. The namenut is often incorrectly applied inpopular language; for example, theso-called Brazil-nut is really a largeseed with a very hard testa. 238. The Follicle. — One-celled,simple pistils, like those of the marshmarigold, the columbine, and a goodmany other plants, often produce afruit which dehisces along a single cles and a Single Follicle guturc, USUallv the VCUtral OUC. Suchof tne Monkshood. ^ a fruit is called sl follicle (Fig. 168).• 239. The Legume. — A legume is a one-celled pod,formed by the maturing of a simple pistil, which dehiscesalong both of its sutures, as already seen in the case ofthe bean pod, and illus-trated in Fig. 271. 240. The Capsule.—The dehiscent fruitformed by the ripeningof a compound pistil iscalled a capsule. Sucha fruit may be one-celled, as in the linearpod of the celandine(Fig. 271), or several-celled, as in the fruit of the poppy, the morning-glory,and the jimson weed (Fig. 271).. Fig. 169. — Winged , elm ; II, maple. 224 FOUNDATIONS OF BOTANY 241. Dry Fruits and Fleshy Fruits. — In all the casesdiscussed or described in Sects. 238-240, the wall of theovary (and the adherent calyx when present) ripen intotissues which are somewhat hard and dry. Often, how-ever, these parts become developed into a juicy or fleshymass by which the seed is surrounded ; hence a generaldivision of fruits into dry fruits and fleshy fruits. 242. The Stone-Fruit. — In the peach, apricot, plum, andcherry, the pericarp or wall of the ovary, during the pioc- ess of ripening, becomes con-verted into two kinds of tissue,the outer portion pulpy andedible, the inner portion ofalmost stony hardness. Incommon language the hard-ened inner layer of the peri-carp, enclosing the seed, iscalled the stojie (Fig. 170),hence the name The Pome. —The fruitof the apple, pear, and quince is called a pome. It con-sists of a several-celled ovary, —
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