. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. BREAKAGE OF EGGS IN TRANSIT. 7 straw, if packed tightly enough to prevenl the shifting of the load, greatly decreases refrigeration. In order to secure the benefit of the cold air from the bunkers (p. 25) and at the same time use straw as a huffing, a small frame was made from scantling, as shown in figure 2. It fitted closely across the car, was the height of an egg case, and just wide enough to go into the Space not filled by fig. 2.—Frame placed in front of ice bunker to keep the e°'°" cases. The lids tne stnuv
. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. BREAKAGE OF EGGS IN TRANSIT. 7 straw, if packed tightly enough to prevenl the shifting of the load, greatly decreases refrigeration. In order to secure the benefit of the cold air from the bunkers (p. 25) and at the same time use straw as a huffing, a small frame was made from scantling, as shown in figure 2. It fitted closely across the car, was the height of an egg case, and just wide enough to go into the Space not filled by fig. 2.—Frame placed in front of ice bunker to keep the e°'°" cases. The lids tne stnuv buffing from blocking the cold-air exit in „ 1 • i straw-buffed cars. or cases were laid on the frame to keep the straw from falling through, and on them the buffing was placed in the usual manner. As an additional means of securing efficient refrigeration, one row of cases was omitted from the first layer, and the extra space divided into runways the entire length of the car. In this way it was possible for the cold air to circulate from bunker to bunker. The solid load above held the lower layer in place. BUFFING THE LOAD WITH WOODEN FRAMES. It has long been the custom of many shippers to fill the excess space in egg cars with some sort of wooden framework,1 known as "braces," "racks," or "frames" (fig. 3). Grain doors, where avail-. Fig. 3. -A modern frame used as buffing to fill a large space in doorway of car. Built of 2 by 4's made in 2 sections with struts between. able, are also employed for this purpose. The underlying require- ment for the successful use of any of these devices is that the space shall be completely filled and the load in both ends of the car tight. In a comparatively small number of cases ready-made frames of some sort are obtainable. Even so. the supply is not always ade- 1 For the purposes of this report, the filling of excess space in the car to prevent shift- ing of the load during railway travel will he call
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