. Bulletin. Science; Natural history; Natural history. OPHIUROIDS OFF PALOS VERDES, CA 113. Fig. 4. Amphiodia spp. ( sq. meter). predicted due to the wide array of physical, biological and stochastic factors involved. To predict the time required to attain pre-disturbance levels is even more challenging. Within a given suite of physical parameter levels multiple stable species associations exist. Within the association of benthos the absence of a particular group of species is a natural variance and does not necessarily reflect an anthropogenic perturbation. High species diversity and h
. Bulletin. Science; Natural history; Natural history. OPHIUROIDS OFF PALOS VERDES, CA 113. Fig. 4. Amphiodia spp. ( sq. meter). predicted due to the wide array of physical, biological and stochastic factors involved. To predict the time required to attain pre-disturbance levels is even more challenging. Within a given suite of physical parameter levels multiple stable species associations exist. Within the association of benthos the absence of a particular group of species is a natural variance and does not necessarily reflect an anthropogenic perturbation. High species diversity and high abundance of ophiuroids may characterize shelf and slope depths. However, after mass mortalities from natural events (winter freeze, summer anoxia) ophiuroids are slow to return over even short distances to areas they had previously occupied. Even when physical habitat conditions are suitable, their life history patterns and the effects of biological inhibition or the lack of adult facilitation may still prevent or greatly slow the rate of resettlement. Off'Palos Verdes, the suite of ophiuroids was limited in both numbers of species and numbers of individuals in shelf and upper slope depths, and between the early 1950's and early 1970's ophiuroid populations were reduced to near zero levels. Since then, population levels have returned to the shelf in numbers of species and densities greater than found naturally along the 60 m isobath off" the adjacent San Pedro shelf The rate, pattern and magnitude of their return is consistent with literature data and the biology of ophiuroids. Under the current levels of outfall discharge, the progressive rate of resettling of ophiuroids to the central Palos Verdes shelf outside the ZID naturally Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Southern
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