. On modern methods of treating fractures . f the fragments was discovered after-wards by the x rays, such error could not be corrected withouttaking out and re-applying one of the pins. I endeavoured to overcome these difficulties by the adoptionof a kind of ball-and-socket joint at each of the four angles of therectangle, capable of fixation by screws and nuts. But it wasimpossible to fix this sotightly that it would notwork loose, and I ncAcrused it. It was in thesearch for a modificationof the double transfixionmethod which would beapplicable to the I solved the problemof Avorki
. On modern methods of treating fractures . f the fragments was discovered after-wards by the x rays, such error could not be corrected withouttaking out and re-applying one of the pins. I endeavoured to overcome these difficulties by the adoptionof a kind of ball-and-socket joint at each of the four angles of therectangle, capable of fixation by screws and nuts. But it wasimpossible to fix this sotightly that it would notwork loose, and I ncAcrused it. It was in thesearch for a modificationof the double transfixionmethod which would beapplicable to the I solved the problemof Avorking with transfix-ing-pins Avhich Avere notparallel. And as this ap-paratus has now proAcditself to be quite perfect,and very simple from amechanical point of view, Ithink that it will supersedeall other models. Figs. , shoAving its applicationto the femur and tibia,demonstrate its generalprinciples. One transfix-ing-pin is held at its tAvoextremities by a flat steelband Avhich encircles thehmb. This band hastAveh^e holes in it for the. Fig. 3G. -Double transfixion apparatusapplied to femur. reception of the pin, so that any one of six different positionscan be adopted; that is to say, the transfixing-pin can lie in anyof six different diameters of the circle formed by the steel tAvo opposite sides of this ring are attached the lateralextension-bars, each of Avhich has the form of a tube screAvingon to tAvo bars Avith right and left-handed scrcAV-threads. Theside-bars are attached to the ring by means of quadrant jointsAvhich permit of movement through at least 20°. They can be 78 MODERN METHODS OF TREATING FRACTURES absolutely fixed in any position by tightening a nut. Theupper ends of the extension-bars slip over the ends of theupper transfixing-pins quite loosely, and a screw cap preventsthem coming off. The loose fitting of the extension-bars to thetransfixing-pins allows a considerable angulation of the pins tothe bars. The general mechanical effects of this a
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