. Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. CACTUS. 235 very common and will doubtless be obtained from other localities. It grows on the tops of nearly barren hills and is very different from Cactus zehntneri, from northern Bahia. 16. Cactus melocactoides Hoffmannsegg, Verz. Pfl. Nachtr. 3: 24. 1826. Melocaclus melocactoides De Candolle, Prodr. 3: 461. 1828. Melocactus violaceus Pfeiffer, Allg. Gartenz. 3: 313. 1835. Melocaclus goniodacantkus Lemaire, Cact. Aliq. Nov. 11. 1838. Melocactus pentacentrus Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 108. 1839. Melocactus depressus Hooker in Curtis's Bot. M
. Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. CACTUS. 235 very common and will doubtless be obtained from other localities. It grows on the tops of nearly barren hills and is very different from Cactus zehntneri, from northern Bahia. 16. Cactus melocactoides Hoffmannsegg, Verz. Pfl. Nachtr. 3: 24. 1826. Melocaclus melocactoides De Candolle, Prodr. 3: 461. 1828. Melocactus violaceus Pfeiffer, Allg. Gartenz. 3: 313. 1835. Melocaclus goniodacantkus Lemaire, Cact. Aliq. Nov. 11. 1838. Melocactus pentacentrus Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 108. 1839. Melocactus depressus Hooker in Curtis's Bot. Mag. 65: pi. 3691. 1839. Not Salm-Dyck, 1828. Somewhat depressed, 8 em. high by 15 cm. broad, light green; ribs usually 10* (rarely 9 or 11), broad, obtuse, a little "crenate" ; areoles only 5 or 6 on a rib; radial spines 5 to 8, sometimes a little curved, angled, usually pale brown, in age grayish; central cephalium (so far as known) small; flowers pinkish; perianth-segments with toothed margins; fruit white to very pale rose-color, oblong or club-shaped, to cm. long; seeds black, reticulated. IT *'^P t^^^^l. KiGS. 246 and 247.—Cactus caesius. Type locality: Brazil, but no definite locality cited. Distribution: Coast of Brazil, especially Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, and Pernambuco. Dr. Rose collected a plant along the coast of Bahia (No. 19691) which he would refer here. A somewhat similar plant, but smaller, was collected by him at Cabo Frio (No. 20698) which we have tentatively referred here. Schumann, however, kept the Bahia and Rio de Janeiro plants distinct, referring the plant from Bahia to Melocactus depressus and the one from Rio de Janeiro to M. violaceus. All the Brazilian species of this genus are called cabeca de frade on account of the cepha- lium ; this plant is sold for use in the preparation of some household remedy. Melocactus gardenerianus Booth was given by Forster (Handb. Cact. 277. 1846) as a synonym of M. depressus Hooker. The name, M. depre
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