. A text book of physics, for the use of students of science and engineering . sed in this engine. InFig. 481 is shown the section of the cylinderA used for the four-stroke cycle. B is thepiston, and is cooled by circulating water,as also is the cylinder. There are threevalves at the top of the cylinder, an aircyHnd^ro/aToSToke^iesd val™ C, an exhaust valve D, both openingenglne downwards, and a fuel admission valve E opening upwards. All these are operated by cams from a sideshaft. The cycle is as follows : First stroke, downwards, charging with air only. The air valve Cis open during this st
. A text book of physics, for the use of students of science and engineering . sed in this engine. InFig. 481 is shown the section of the cylinderA used for the four-stroke cycle. B is thepiston, and is cooled by circulating water,as also is the cylinder. There are threevalves at the top of the cylinder, an aircyHnd^ro/aToSToke^iesd val™ C, an exhaust valve D, both openingenglne downwards, and a fuel admission valve E opening upwards. All these are operated by cams from a sideshaft. The cycle is as follows : First stroke, downwards, charging with air only. The air valve Cis open during this stroke, and air alone is drawn into the cylinder. Second stroke, upwards, compression. During this stroke, the airis compressed to about 500 lb. wt. per square inch, and the tempera-ture rises to about 600° C. Third stroke, downwards, admission of fuel and expansion. Duringa small part of this stroke, the fuel valve is opened and oil fuel isforced into the cylinder by the action of air which has been com-pressed by a pump to a pressure of about 800 lb. wt. per square XL DIESEL OIL ENGINE 527 The compressed air in the cylinder, being at a temperature of 600° C,is sufficiently hot to cause the oil fuel to ignite and burn duringadmission. The pressure rises but slightly, if at all, during thisstage, since the piston is moving downwards, and the rise in-tempera-ture is compensated by the increase in volume. After a smallfraction of the stroke has been completed, the oil fuel is cut off bythe closing of the valve E, and the remainder of the stroke is com-pleted under the action of the expanding gases. Fourth stroke, upwards, exhaust. During this stroke the valve Dis opened, and the waste products of combustion escape into theatmosphere. 30 — 20- 10-
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