. Commercial fisheries review. Fisheries; Fish trade. 10 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 19, No. 11 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE KIDNEY IN THE OYSTER 1/ The major anatomical relationships, with the glaring exception of the excretory system, have been elucidated in the oyster Crassostrea virginica. To correct this deficiency, the structure and func- tion of the kidney (organ of Bo- janus) and associated structures were determined. The structure was examined (1) grossly by in- jection of vital dye and observa- tion of its distribution and (2) mi- croscopically by sectioning pre- served oysters
. Commercial fisheries review. Fisheries; Fish trade. 10 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 19, No. 11 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE KIDNEY IN THE OYSTER 1/ The major anatomical relationships, with the glaring exception of the excretory system, have been elucidated in the oyster Crassostrea virginica. To correct this deficiency, the structure and func- tion of the kidney (organ of Bo- janus) and associated structures were determined. The structure was examined (1) grossly by in- jection of vital dye and observa- tion of its distribution and (2) mi- croscopically by sectioning pre- served oysters. Two bladders are present, one on each side of the animal, with a tubular portion in between. On each side a fun- nel-shaped duct runs fromi the floor of the pericardium to the bladder and opens near the origin of the urinary pore. The latter opens to the exterior immediately posterior to the genital pore. Both openings are covered by a common flap. Injection of dye revealed that the tubules of the kidney are bathed in blood from the adductor muscle that is supplied directlyby the heart. The blood then leaves OYSTER the tubules for the gills. When oysters were niaintain- ed in extremely diluted sea water, the blood remained more concentrated than the environment. The situation was reversed when the oysters were placed in extreme- ly concentrated sea water Measurements of the chloride concentrations of the blood and fluids from the pericardial cavity and bladder revealed that only in the most dilute medium is there a possibility that the kidney serves as an osmoregulatory organ. The wall of the ventricle appears to be the primary organ of salt filtration. In the lowest salinity tested the pericardial fluid was less concentrated than the blood, indicative of water elimination to keep the oysters more concentrated than their environment; whereas at higher concentrations the pericardial fluid was more concentrated than the blood, indicative of salt elimination to keep the oysters
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