. Railway and locomotive engineering : a practical journal of railway motive power and rolling stock . ocomotive building firms for theirsupply of motive power, and these build-ers were expected to provide the im-provements demanded by advances inengineering science or practice. On thisaccount few master mechanics of theUnited States were designers of coalburning appliances, Griggs, Head,Yates, Millholland, Hayes, Buchananand Eaton of the Great Western ofCanada being notable exceptions. DESIGNING SMOKE PREVENTING FIKEBOXES. In a general way the problem whichthe coal burning furnace inventors e
. Railway and locomotive engineering : a practical journal of railway motive power and rolling stock . ocomotive building firms for theirsupply of motive power, and these build-ers were expected to provide the im-provements demanded by advances inengineering science or practice. On thisaccount few master mechanics of theUnited States were designers of coalburning appliances, Griggs, Head,Yates, Millholland, Hayes, Buchananand Eaton of the Great Western ofCanada being notable exceptions. DESIGNING SMOKE PREVENTING FIKEBOXES. In a general way the problem whichthe coal burning furnace inventors en- JEFFREYS COAL BURNING STEP GRATES. FIG. devices were abandoned. Before Clarkdesigned the jets for supplying air to thesurface of the fire, several inventionshad been tried for whitening the smokeby steam forced into the fire box; but,being based upon ignorance of the prin-ciples of combustion, they were littleused. GRIGGS APPLIES THE BRICK ARCH. The pioneer of the United States inthe introduction of a smoke preventingfire box was George S. Griggs, of theBoston & Providence Railroad, who, in. quick succession and all the locomotiveswere changed to coal burners as fast asthe work could be done. The cost of wood fuel, the year previ-ous to the introduction of coal, was 35cents per train mile. The cost of coalduring the year that followed the changewas 8 cents per train mile. The first coal burners had the oldwood burning stack with a coarse net-ting. Next improvement was putting acover on top with a circular opening 12ins. diameter. Mr. Griggs soon decidedthat the large wood burning stack neces-sary for wood burning, even when modi-fied was not satisfactory, so he designed /^^ 3 — -: deavored to work out was supplying tothe fire all the air necessary for com-plete combustion, mixing it with the firegases and maintaining a furnace tem-perature sufficiently intense to preventany portion from falling below the ig-niting temperature. These were con-flicting conditions and efltort
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