. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology. . Figs 31-36 31, Sorensenata agilitata (Torticidae), New Zealand (Campbell Island), male. 32, Pollanisus calliceros (Zygaenidae: Procridinae), Australia (New South Wales), female. 33, 34, Exapate congelatella (Tortricidae), British Isles, (33) male (England), (34) female (Scotland). 35, 36, Splwleroptera alpicolana (Tortricidae), Austrian Alps, (35) male, (36) female. By contrast, Tortricodes alternella (Denis & Schiffermiiller), a European cold season species with an adult activity period in February-March, is macropterous in
. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology. . Figs 31-36 31, Sorensenata agilitata (Torticidae), New Zealand (Campbell Island), male. 32, Pollanisus calliceros (Zygaenidae: Procridinae), Australia (New South Wales), female. 33, 34, Exapate congelatella (Tortricidae), British Isles, (33) male (England), (34) female (Scotland). 35, 36, Splwleroptera alpicolana (Tortricidae), Austrian Alps, (35) male, (36) female. By contrast, Tortricodes alternella (Denis & Schiffermiiller), a European cold season species with an adult activity period in February-March, is macropterous in both sexes and capable of flight. Flightlessness with only slight wing reduction is recorded in the heavy-bodied female of the western North American Synnoma lynosyrana Walsingham (Tortricinae, Sparganothini), the adults of which are active in October-November (Powell, 1976a). Whilst sexual dimorphism is not unusual in Spar- ganothini the females of most species are able to fly, except for example the macropterous female of Synalochagutierreziae Powell (Powell, 1985: 65). Although Tortricidae are well represented in the faunas of many mountain ranges in most parts of the world, only two oreal species with brachypterous females are known, Sphaleroptera alpicolana (Frolich) (Figs 35, 36) in the European Alps and Pyrenees and Olethreutes orestera Bradley in the East African Ruwenzori mountains. A tendency towards wing reduction is also observed in the females of Oxypteron Staudinger, a predominantly Mediterranean genus of about 10 species, but it is unknown whether any of them are flightless. The females of several species are macropterous but those of O. impar Staudinger. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original British Museum (Natural History). London : BM(NH)
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