moorish peasant man traditional costume native dress fashion moor head shoulder portrait profile sketch
Illustrated travels a record of discovery geography and adventure edited by h w bates assistant secretary of the royal geographical society with engravings from original drawings by celebrated artists cassell petter and & galpin London paris new description Moors has referred to several historic and modern populations of Muslim (and earlier non-Muslim) people of Berber and Arab descent from North Africa, some of whom came to inhabit the Iberian Peninsula (which they termed Al Andalus, comprising most of what is now Spain and Portugal). Moors are not distinct or self defined people but an appellation applied by medieval and early modern Europeans primarily to Berbers, but also Arabs, and Muslim Iberians. As early as 1911, mainstream scholars have recognized that "The term Moors has no real ethnological value. In the Spanish language, the term for Moors is moro; in Portuguese the word is mouro. There consequently seems to have been some confusion about the relationship of the word moro/mouro with the word moreno (which means tanned or dark or brown-skinned; in origin the term was used to refer to a person with brown or black hair color, regardless of skin or eye color - synonym for Brunette, today both meanings co-exist). However, the two words have different etymological roots, and the Moors, though most were probably swarthy, were not "negro". The Al Andalus Moors of the late Medieval era inhabited the Iberian Peninsula after the Arab conquests of the Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates, and the final Umayyad conquest of Hispania. These conquests stretched south to modern-day Mauritania, Western Sahara, and West African countries as far south as the Senegal River. Earlier, the Classical Romans interacted (and later conquered) Mauretania, a state in what is now Algeria. The people of the region are remembered in Classical literature as the Mauri. This name, not their own, was applied by cultures north of the Mediterranean.
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