. Birds of Great Britain and Ireland . eding phnnage has the upper parts blue-black, some ofthe feathers with tawny margins, the middle of the lower back and rump white ;scapulars and lesser wing-coverts bright tawny; median coverts white; greatercoverts black, tipped with white, so as to form a prominent bar; quills smokyblack; the primaries with narrow yellowish white margins, the inner ones withwhite bases; secondaries with white margins towards their extremities; uppertail-coverts black, with ashy tips ; tail black, the outer feathers with a little whiteat the base of the inner web, and ab
. Birds of Great Britain and Ireland . eding phnnage has the upper parts blue-black, some ofthe feathers with tawny margins, the middle of the lower back and rump white ;scapulars and lesser wing-coverts bright tawny; median coverts white; greatercoverts black, tipped with white, so as to form a prominent bar; quills smokyblack; the primaries with narrow yellowish white margins, the inner ones withwhite bases; secondaries with white margins towards their extremities; uppertail-coverts black, with ashy tips ; tail black, the outer feathers with a little whiteat the base of the inner web, and about half the outer web broadly white ; sidesof head black ; throat and breast reddish-tawny ; belly white, the flanks spottedwith black, and the thighs black behind ; under tail-coverts white, tawny on thevent; beak blue-black ; feet reddish-brown ; iris hazel. After the autumn moultthe feathers of the head and back have broad tawny margins, as also have thetips of the greater wing-coverts and the innermost secondaries; the quills and. o -i-«> O < , -I — a. 2< CD W^.^%^.^^^?lj^^ The 103 tail-feathers have fairly broad yellow luargius ; the feathers of the sides of theueck have ashy edges; the sides and flanks are washed with orange-tawny, theblack spots ou the flanks are less prominent, and the beak becomes bright ochre-yellow, with brown tip. The female somewhat resembles the male in winter plnmage bnt is altogetherdnller, the black of the npper parts being replaced by brown, and the bars on thewings are mnch less prominent. The yonng at first are very like the female,bnt the males qnickly develop their characteristic colonriug. The breeding plnmage of the male is acquired without a moult, and it is saidthat the change is effected by shedding the tips of the feathers. Although somewhat less active than the Chafflnch, this species is quite asquarrelsome in the breeding season (at any rate in confinement); in winter, how-ever, the flocks which travel about
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