. Principles of economic zoo?logy. Zoology, Economic. MAMMALIA 339 bitter from the wormwood pasturage, is the staple diet of thousands in ;' The genus Llama ini'ludt's the llama, alpai'a, huanaco, and vicunia. They differ from the camel in their smaller size and the absence of the hump. The llama was used in Peru as a beast of burden for centuries before the Spanish Conquest, and is still the only trustworthy carrier in the higher Andes. Its flesh is coarse and unpalatable, and its hair is coarser and in- ferior to that of the alpaca. It defends itself by "spitting," that
. Principles of economic zoo?logy. Zoology, Economic. MAMMALIA 339 bitter from the wormwood pasturage, is the staple diet of thousands in ;' The genus Llama ini'ludt's the llama, alpai'a, huanaco, and vicunia. They differ from the camel in their smaller size and the absence of the hump. The llama was used in Peru as a beast of burden for centuries before the Spanish Conquest, and is still the only trustworthy carrier in the higher Andes. Its flesh is coarse and unpalatable, and its hair is coarser and in- ferior to that of the alpaca. It defends itself by "spitting," that is, forcibly ejecting not only the saliva, but the contents of the stomach at any offender. The discharge is injurious to man's eyes. The llama can also kick and bite. The alpaca is a smaller variety, bred in Peru and Chile for its thick growth of black to gray or yellowish woolly Fig. 275.—One-humped camel (Came'lus dromeda'rius). (Linnaeus.) The deer family (Cer'vidm) is distinguished from all other ruminants by the presence of true bony antlers in the male; the European reindeer and the American caribou have antlers in both sexes. These antlers may be little or much branched. They are never fused with the skull and are usually shed annually. Each year the new ones are larger and provided with one more tine. It takes the antlers from ten to sixteen weeks to grow to matur- ity. During the greater portion of this time the males are weak and inof- fensive. At this time the does are rearing the young (fawns). When the new antlers are fully developed (about October) (Fig. 276) the males are as savage as tigers. The white-tailed Virginia deer {Odocoi'leus virginia'nus) is our most widely distributed deer. It weighs about pounds, is light brown in summer and reddish brown in winter, with the under parts of throat and tail pure white. It crouches and carries its head low, and saves itself by clinging ' Please note that these images are extracted from scanned p
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