. Scientific American Volume 86 Number 13 (March 1902). he whole of the front steps and the heavy stone balus-trade, and it extended under the front of the house,with the result that a considerable portion of the frontfoundation wall was carried down. At on theFame day, the front foundation wall of the adjoining houses gave way, and the whole of the steps, landingsand areas, with the brownstone facing of the first story,fell into the crater, which by this time had becomegreatly enlarged. The building department now gaveorders for all families living in the houses facing ParkAvenue between
. Scientific American Volume 86 Number 13 (March 1902). he whole of the front steps and the heavy stone balus-trade, and it extended under the front of the house,with the result that a considerable portion of the frontfoundation wall was carried down. At on theFame day, the front foundation wall of the adjoining houses gave way, and the whole of the steps, landingsand areas, with the brownstone facing of the first story,fell into the crater, which by this time had becomegreatly enlarged. The building department now gaveorders for all families living in the houses facing ParkAvenue between 37th and 38th Streets, to vacate theirhomes. It is not anticipated that the movement of the rockwill extend any further, as the overlying material hasprobably settled down solidly against the displacedtunnel wall, which is prevented from further move-ment by the heavy shoring within the tunnel. The engineers are meeting the difficulty by making anopen cut above the cave-in. The shifting rock will beremoved; a concrete arch turned over the tunnel; and. Front View of the Wrecked Houses. the material filled in, restoring the normal surface ofthe ground. This accident should not cause any fearsas to the stability of the completed tunnel, for the rea-son that the whole interior will be lined with a heavywall of concrete, which will have sufficient strength initself to resist any crushing-in effect of the kind wehave just described. By the courtesy of the New YorkHerald we are enabled to present the three accompany-ing photographs, which show very clearly the. extentand nature of the damage. The Measurement of Osmotic Pressure. If a solution of ordinary salt or sugar be broughtinto contact with water, the salt or sugar will passfrom the solution into the water until both becomeof the same concentration. Ordinarily this phenomenonis called diffusion. Obviously the particles of the dis- solved substance are driven from their solution intothe pure solvent by some force; and this force
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