. American engineer and railroad journal . already been ordered. Trun-nions are cast on the cylinders and the jacks may be carriedabout on a neat two-wheel metal truck, which will fit thetrunnions of all of the jacks. The design is arranged with aview of producing jacks that may be easily used and con-veniently transported, and which will not require repairs. Bolt and Staybolt Nipper.—This appliance is so clearlyshown in the engraving as to be readily understood. It hasa short cylinder between the long arms of two levers, theshort arms of which are fitted to receive the hardened cut-ters. The


. American engineer and railroad journal . already been ordered. Trun-nions are cast on the cylinders and the jacks may be carriedabout on a neat two-wheel metal truck, which will fit thetrunnions of all of the jacks. The design is arranged with aview of producing jacks that may be easily used and con-veniently transported, and which will not require repairs. Bolt and Staybolt Nipper.—This appliance is so clearlyshown in the engraving as to be readily understood. It hasa short cylinder between the long arms of two levers, theshort arms of which are fitted to receive the hardened cut-ters. The long arms are returned to their closed positionby strong coiled springs, attached to the outside of thelevers, where they may be seen and cared for. The nipperis suspended by a bail with a number of holes by which itmay be held in any desired position. The machine isadapted to work in restricted quarters. These machines arewell made and may be easily taken apart for work rapidly and are controlled by a lever operating a. Whitelaw Staybolt Nipper. Car and Locomotive Jacl<s. is ?8 in ten years. Of course, the well-known tendency of hairfelt to deteriorate should be considered. In the case of Nonpareil Cork, increasing the thickness fromone to two inches raises the cost from about $25 to $35 per 100square feet, and increases the net saving in five years by ?10and by $30 in ten years. In other words, the second inch ofmaterial in use about pays for itself in two years, while thefirst pays for itself in about one year. The third inch doesnot increase the saving even in ten years. The second inch,therefore, more than pays for interest and depreciation, whilethe third fails to do this. In the case of the Asbestos Fire Board, a second inch causes a saving of $20 in ten years, the third andfourth inches showing a loss. In general it may be said, therefore, that if five years is thelength of life of a cover, one inch is the most economicalthickness, whi


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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booksubjectrailroadengineering