. Soils, their properties and management. Soils. 88 SOILS: PB0PEBTIE3 AND MANAGEMENT quantity of soil is used, the mass is not kept properly agitated; secondly, convex currents are set up in the conical glass tube, which vitiates the results; and, thirdly, the separate particles tend to coalesce into granules. It is evident that in any separation of soil particles all granulation must be avoided. This is usually accom- plished by shaking or boiling the sample previous to the determi- nation. The tendency toward granulation during the process of separation itself is fatal to accuracy, as compou
. Soils, their properties and management. Soils. 88 SOILS: PB0PEBTIE3 AND MANAGEMENT quantity of soil is used, the mass is not kept properly agitated; secondly, convex currents are set up in the conical glass tube, which vitiates the results; and, thirdly, the separate particles tend to coalesce into granules. It is evident that in any separation of soil particles all granulation must be avoided. This is usually accom- plished by shaking or boiling the sample previous to the determi- nation. The tendency toward granulation during the process of separation itself is fatal to accuracy, as compound particles carrying a large number of small grains would fail to pass over at water-current velocities cor- responding to their component parts. 66. Hilgard's chum elutriator. — The errors of the Schone ap- paratus are obviated to some extent by Hilgard's,^ the prin- ciple of operation remaining ex- actly the same. In Hilgard's elutriator the deflocculated soil sample is introduced into the Fig. 12. — Hiigard's churn base of a cylindrical tube (see above ,01 mm. in diameter, rapidly revolving Stirrer. This (o]; .lTeeuV(a)%^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^ counteract convex chamber; (o), outlet tube. Currents and to prevent the 1 Hilgard, E. W. Methods of Physical and Chemical Soil Analysis. Ann. Rept. California Agr. Exp. Sta., pp. 241--257. 1891-~ Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Lyon, T. L. (Thomas Lyttleton), 1869-1938; Fippin, Elmer O. (Elmer Otterbein), 1879-1949; Buckman, Harry Oliver, 1883-. New York, Macmillan
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