. Anatomy, descriptive and applied. Anatomy. THE HE ART 567 Surface Form.—In order to show the exlmt of the heart in relation to the front of the thorax, draw a line from a point in the second Icl'l sjiace, cm. (nearly two inches) from the median line to the upper border of the third rjoht costal cartilage, .3 cm. (one inch and a quarter) from the median line. This represents the base line or upper limit of the organ. Take a point in the fifth left intercostal space 8 cm. from the median line (about three and a quarter inches); this represents the apex of the heart. Draw a lin
. Anatomy, descriptive and applied. Anatomy. THE HE ART 567 Surface Form.—In order to show the exlmt of the heart in relation to the front of the thorax, draw a line from a point in the second Icl'l sjiace, cm. (nearly two inches) from the median line to the upper border of the third rjoht costal cartilage, .3 cm. (one inch and a quarter) from the median line. This represents the base line or upper limit of the organ. Take a point in the fifth left intercostal space 8 cm. from the median line (about three and a quarter inches); this represents the apex of the heart. Draw a line from this apex point, with a slight convexity downward, to the junction of the seventh right costal cartilage to the sternum cm. from the median line. represents the lower limit of the heart. Join the right extremity of the first line—that is, the base line—with the right extremity of this line—that is, to the seventh right chondrosternal joint—with a slight curve outward, so that it projects about cm. (one inch and a half) from the mid-line of the sternum. Lastly, join the left extremity of the base line and the apex point by a line curved slightly to the , showing relation of the heart, lungs, etc., to the ribs and sternum. P. Pul- M. Left auriculoventricular orifice. Tr. Right auriculoventricular orifice. A portion of the area of the heart thus mapped out is uncovered by lung, and therefore gives a dull note on percussion; the remainder, being overlapped by the lung, gives a more or less resonant note. The former is known as the are:i of complete cardiac dulness. The area of complete cardiac dulness is included between a line drav^n from the centre of the sternum, on a level with the fourth costal cartilage, to the apex of the heart, and a line drawn from the same point down the lower third of the midline of the sternum. Below, this area merges into the dulness which corresponds to the liver. Topography of the various orifices is as follows
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectanatomy, bookyear1913
