History of Europe, ancient and medieval: Earliest man, the Orient, Greece and Rome . sion on condition that the one whom he selectedshould hold Scotland as a fief from the English king. This ar-rangement was adopted, and the crown was given to John Edward unwisely made demands upon the Scots which arousedtheir anger, and their king renounced his homage to the king ofEngland. The Scotch, moreover, formed an alliance with Edwardsenemy, Philip the Fair of France; thenceforth, in all the difficul-ties between England and France, the English kings had always England in the Middle Ages 37
History of Europe, ancient and medieval: Earliest man, the Orient, Greece and Rome . sion on condition that the one whom he selectedshould hold Scotland as a fief from the English king. This ar-rangement was adopted, and the crown was given to John Edward unwisely made demands upon the Scots which arousedtheir anger, and their king renounced his homage to the king ofEngland. The Scotch, moreover, formed an alliance with Edwardsenemy, Philip the Fair of France; thenceforth, in all the difficul-ties between England and France, the English kings had always England in the Middle Ages 375 to reckon with the disaffected Scotch, who were glad to aidEnglands enemies on the other side of the English Channel. 562. Edward attempts to incorporate Scotland with Eng-land. Edward marched in person against the Scotch (1296) andspeedily put down what he regarded as a rebellion. He declaredthat Baliol had forfeited his fief through treason, and that con-sequently the English king had become the real ruler of Scot-land. He emphasized his claim by carrying off the famous Stone. Fig. 93. Conway Castle Edward built this fine castle in 1284 on the north coast of Wales to keep theWelsh in check. Its walls are twelve to fifteen feet in thickness. Therewere buildings inside, including a great banqueting hall one hundred and thirty feet long of Scone (now in Westminster Abbey), upon which the kings ofScotland had been crowned for ages. Continued resistance ledEdward to attempt to incorporate Scotland with England in thesame way that he had treated Wales. This was the beginningof three hundred years of intermittent war between Englandand Scotland, which ended only when a Scotch king, James VI,succeeded to the English throne in 1603 as James I. That Scotland was able to maintain her independence wasmainly due to Robert Bruce, a national hero who succeeded inbringing both the nobility and the people under his I died, old and worn out, in 1307, when on his way 376 His
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