The voyage of the Vega round Asia and Europe; with a historical review of previous journeys along the north coast of the Old World . coveredwith a translucent glassy ice-crust, which readily fell away,and added considerably to the difficulty of the ascent. I hadpreviously observed the formation of such an ice-crust on thenorthernmost mountain summits of It arisesundoubtedly from the fall of super-cooled mist, that is to say ofmist whose vesicles have been cooled considerably below thefreezing-point without being changed to ice, which first takesplace when, after falling, they com
The voyage of the Vega round Asia and Europe; with a historical review of previous journeys along the north coast of the Old World . coveredwith a translucent glassy ice-crust, which readily fell away,and added considerably to the difficulty of the ascent. I hadpreviously observed the formation of such an ice-crust on thenorthernmost mountain summits of It arisesundoubtedly from the fall of super-cooled mist, that is to say ofmist whose vesicles have been cooled considerably below thefreezing-point without being changed to ice, which first takesplace when, after falling, they come in contact with ice or snow, orsome angular hard object. It is such a mist that causes the icingdown of the rigging of vessels, a very unpleasant phenomenon ^ Cf. Redogorelse for den svensha polarexjnditionen ar 1S72-73 (Bihangtill Vet. Ak. handl. Bd. 2, No. 18, p. 91). IX.] SUPER-COOLED MIST. 341 lor the navigator, which we experienced during the followingdays, when the tackling of the Vcya was covered with pieces ofice so large, and layers so thick, that accidents might havehappened by the falling of the ice on the deck.^. ALGA FKOM IRKAIPJJ. Laminaria soUdungula (J. G. Ag.), The dredgings here yielded to Dr. Kjellman some algse, andto Dr. Stuxberg masses of a species of cumacea, Diastylis ^ A more dangerous kind of icing down threatens the navigator in severeweatlier not only in the Polar Seas but also in the Baltic and the North it happens at that season that the sea-water at the surface is over-cooled, that is, cooled below the freezing-point without being wave which strikes the vessel is then converted by the concussioninto ice-sludge, which increases and freezes together to hard ice so speedilythat all attempts to remove it from the deck are in vain. In a few hoursthe vessel may be changed into an unmanageable floating block of iceAvhich the sailors, exhausted by hard labour, must in despair abandon to itsfate. Such an icing down, tliough witli a f
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