. Electronic apparatus for biological research . (a) (b) Figure If Ir in Figure is equal to E in Figure the two diagrams represent the same thing, for if the across the terminals of the latter is measured with no load resistance connected, the open-circuit voltage is clearly E. If the terminals are short circuited, the short-circuit current is Ejr. If a load resistance R be connected, the current through it is £â /(/⢠+ R) and the voltage across it will be E{RI(r + R)}- Similarly, in Figure the open-circuit voltage is / going through r, which is Ir. The short-circuit
. Electronic apparatus for biological research . (a) (b) Figure If Ir in Figure is equal to E in Figure the two diagrams represent the same thing, for if the across the terminals of the latter is measured with no load resistance connected, the open-circuit voltage is clearly E. If the terminals are short circuited, the short-circuit current is Ejr. If a load resistance R be connected, the current through it is £â /(/⢠+ R) and the voltage across it will be E{RI(r + R)}- Similarly, in Figure the open-circuit voltage is / going through r, which is Ir. The short-circuit current is just /, since it will all go through the short-circuit rather than through r. The voltage across a load resistance R will be / times the effective resistance of R in parallel with r, which is I{rR)j{r + R), and the current through the load will be this voltage divided by R, _ rR r-\~ R R r-^ R Summarizing in tabular form: Open-circuit voltage Short-circuit current Voltage across load R Current through load R Figure Figure E Ir EIr I E{RKr + R)} I{irR)l(r + R)} El(r ^ R) I{rl(r + R)} 8
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