Handbook to the ethnographical collections . Fig. 10.—Types of adze-blades of stone and shell from Melanesia, , New Hebrides (shell). b, Caledonia (jade). ff. BanksIslands (shell), e. Fiji Islands (shell). /• San Cristoval, Solomon Islands.(/. Admiralty Islands, h. Fiji Islands, i. Savo, Solomon Islands. INTRODUCTION 19 each clan to take its name from some animal or plant; thisanimal or plant is known as its totem, from a NorthAmerican Indian word, and the clansmen who recognize ituse it as their badge or cognizance, tatu it on their bodies, orpaint it on their houses and utens
Handbook to the ethnographical collections . Fig. 10.—Types of adze-blades of stone and shell from Melanesia, , New Hebrides (shell). b, Caledonia (jade). ff. BanksIslands (shell), e. Fiji Islands (shell). /• San Cristoval, Solomon Islands.(/. Admiralty Islands, h. Fiji Islands, i. Savo, Solomon Islands. INTRODUCTION 19 each clan to take its name from some animal or plant; thisanimal or plant is known as its totem, from a NorthAmerican Indian word, and the clansmen who recognize ituse it as their badge or cognizance, tatu it on their bodies, orpaint it on their houses and utensils (fig. 17). Frequently thistotem animal or plant comes to be regarded as the ancestor of the. Fig. 11.—Carved figure-head [tau-ihu) of a canoe. N. Now Zealand. clan and tlie good spirit of all the kindred. The totemic system,the origin of which is still debated, has great importance inconnection with primitive marriage and relationship, since thetotems are used as marks of prohibited degrees. No man maymarry a woman who l)ears the same totem as himself; he istherefore obliged to seek a wife among the mendjcrs of anotherclan. This practice of marrying out is termed Exogamy; the C 2
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