. Sadlier's excelsior studies in the history of the United States, for schools. rolled into the fireplace with hand-spikes. Blazing hearth-stones then had a literal meaningwholly unknown in our day. 13. Occupations.—Trade, agriculture, etc., were themain employments of the people. Money was scarce, andtrade was carried on chiefly by barter, a coat for a cow, or abarrel of sugar for a pile of boards. In 1635, bullets weregiven instead of farthings; but in 1652, a mint was set up,and for thirty years all the coins bore the same date. Theyare known as the pine-tree shillings, sixpences, etc., fro
. Sadlier's excelsior studies in the history of the United States, for schools. rolled into the fireplace with hand-spikes. Blazing hearth-stones then had a literal meaningwholly unknown in our day. 13. Occupations.—Trade, agriculture, etc., were themain employments of the people. Money was scarce, andtrade was carried on chiefly by barter, a coat for a cow, or abarrel of sugar for a pile of boards. In 1635, bullets weregiven instead of farthings; but in 1652, a mint was set up,and for thirty years all the coins bore the same date. Theyare known as the pine-tree shillings, sixpences, etc., from thefact that they bore on one side the inscription ^Massachu-setts with a pine-tree in the centre. All men from sixteento sixty years of age were expected to prepare themselves to 86 EXCELSIOR HISrORY- bear arms; hence all were required to participate in thegeneral drill. There does not appear to have been on theseoccasions any uniform dress, or any music except that ofthe drum. Military titles were much reverenced, for a longtime that of Captain being the highest ^^ ::^^fs-j^^^^^:r<^A^ TRAINING DAT IN THE OLDEN TIME. 14, Religion.—The prescribed religion was Puritan-ism. No other was tolerated, not even any of the otherProtestant sects. Eoman Catholics and Quakers were heldin special abhorrence; and even after the laws agamst thelatter had been abolished, those agamst the former remainedin force. Jesuits were forbidden to enter the colony; and, mcase of a second transgression, the penalty was death. Intheir desire to avoid all observance of any Catholic Festivals,it was even deemed wrong to eat mince-pie on Christmasday; and Endicott, in his zeal, cut the cross out of theBritish flag, because it seemed indicative of Catholicity. STUDY T^O. 5. NEW ENGLAND,—Continued.
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