. A text-book of comparative physiology for students and practitioners of comparative (veterinary) medicine. Physiology, Comparative. 558 COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOaY. The external ear in man being practically immovable, owing to the feeble development of its muscles, has, as compared with. Ftg. 401.—Section througli auditory organ (after Sappey). 1, pinna; 2,4,5, cavity of concha, external and auditory meatus witli opening of ceruminons glands; 6, merabrana tympani; 7, anterior part of incus; 8, malleus;. 9, long handle of mal- leus, attached to internal surface of tympanic membrane—it is here repr
. A text-book of comparative physiology for students and practitioners of comparative (veterinary) medicine. Physiology, Comparative. 558 COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOaY. The external ear in man being practically immovable, owing to the feeble development of its muscles, has, as compared with. Ftg. 401.—Section througli auditory organ (after Sappey). 1, pinna; 2,4,5, cavity of concha, external and auditory meatus witli opening of ceruminons glands; 6, merabrana tympani; 7, anterior part of incus; 8, malleus;. 9, long handle of mal- leus, attached to internal surface of tympanic membrane—it is here represented as strongly indrawn; 10, tensor tympani muscle; 11, tympanic cavity; 12, Eustachian tube; 13, superior semicircular canal; 14, posterior semicircular canal; 15, exter- nal semicircular canal; 16, cochlea; 17, internal auditory meatus; 18, facial nerve; 19, large petrosal nerve; 30, vestibular branch of auditory nerve; 21, cochlear branch of same. such animals as the horse or cow, but little use as a collecting organ for the vibrations of the air. The meatus or auditory canal may be regarded both as a conductor of vibrations and to the middle ear, especially the delicate drum- head, since it is provided with hairs externally in particular, and with glands that secrete a bitter substance of an unctuous nature. The llleinbrana Tympani is concavo-convex in form, and having attached to it the chain of bones shortly to be noticed, is well adapted to take up the vibrations communicated to it from the air; though it also enters into sympathetic vibration when the bones of the head are the medium, as when a tuning- fork is held between the teeth. Ordinary stretched membranes have a fundamental (self-tone, proper tone) tone of their own, to which they respond more readily than to Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations ma
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