. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. pharyngeal plug ventral locomotory cilia posterior adhesive tubes —. spined scales x-organ scales on caudal lurca Figure 1. Sdiemalic representation of (A) a macrodasyidan and iH) a ihaetonohdan showing sei'aialing the two onleis (loss sections through pharyngcs show oneiilation ol lumen and. in llie macrodasxidan. Ihe phamiv-val poies. order Chaetonotida may be paraphvletic with respect to the phylum Ncmatoda. as suggested pre\iously (Ruppcri. 1982). is indicated by similarities it) euticular and
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. pharyngeal plug ventral locomotory cilia posterior adhesive tubes —. spined scales x-organ scales on caudal lurca Figure 1. Sdiemalic representation of (A) a macrodasyidan and iH) a ihaetonohdan showing sei'aialing the two onleis (loss sections through pharyngcs show oneiilation ol lumen and. in llie macrodasxidan. Ihe phamiv-val poies. order Chaetonotida may be paraphvletic with respect to the phylum Ncmatoda. as suggested pre\iously (Ruppcri. 1982). is indicated by similarities it) euticular and pharyn- geal ultrastructure (upright Y-shaped lumen, pharyngeal- valve), and pharyngeal innervation. Because of the complete absence ol locomotory cilia in Ncmaloda, in conjunction with several other morphological characters. nli I oieii/en (ll>SS| (hat the Nematoda is. at best, a sisiei taxon to the Ciastrotricha. Mali-rials and Methods We \ ! of nearly all known yas- trotrich gei. ' .iied them using parsimony analy- sis (PAUP : rd, IW9). characters were used in tin ;, all unordered and unweighted (Table I I. hu .isimony. delauli settings in- cltnled AC'C'TKAN. an. nul'iaate taxa were treated as uncertainties. Bootstrap options included 1000 replicates ot 81 characters, l-'ull heuristic searches were performed \\ith starting trees obtained by stepwise random addition (10 replicates \\ith two trees held at each step). Tree bisection- reeonnection (TBR) branch swapping was performed with the MULTRHHS option to sa\e all minimum-length trees. Two genera. Miirim-llimi and I'mliilii. were excluded tiom the analysis due to a lack of information. The Cinathosto- mulida and Nematoda were used as outgroups. The data matrix is available upon request from the lirst author. Results Out analysis resulted in a monophylelic Ciastrotricha (829f bootstrap values). Within the pin him. C'haetonotida (supported by 52'; of bootstrap replications
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Keywords: ., bookauthorlilliefrankrat, booksubjectbiology, booksubjectzoology
