. Animal Ecology. Animal ecology. certain anatomical adaptations of fish. Fish feeding on bottom matter have soft-lip]ied sucking mouths; fisii feeding on plankton have numerous slender gill- rakers : fish feeding on other fish have large mouths and sharp teeth. The adults of some fish, such as the cisco. gizzard shad, paddlefish, and sunfish, consume large quantities of plankton. The gizzard shad also feeds on bottom mud, straining organic particles out of it and grinding them up in a stomach that re- sembles the gizzard of a chicken. Sturgeon, white- fish, buffalo fish, carp, catfish, bullhe
. Animal Ecology. Animal ecology. certain anatomical adaptations of fish. Fish feeding on bottom matter have soft-lip]ied sucking mouths; fisii feeding on plankton have numerous slender gill- rakers : fish feeding on other fish have large mouths and sharp teeth. The adults of some fish, such as the cisco. gizzard shad, paddlefish, and sunfish, consume large quantities of plankton. The gizzard shad also feeds on bottom mud, straining organic particles out of it and grinding them up in a stomach that re- sembles the gizzard of a chicken. Sturgeon, white- fish, buffalo fish, carp, catfish, bullheads, suckers, sunfish, and many others feed largely on bottom annelids, insect larvae, mollusks, and vegetation in shallow waters. As many as 354 midge fly larvae have been found in a single whitefish stomach: 331 were found in a sturgeon stomach (Adamstone and Harkness 1923). Bass, crappies, perch, pike, gar, and lake trout feed principally on otiier fish. The bottom feeders scoop up the bottom ooze indiscrim- inately; several forms maintain contact with the bot- tom by means of sensitive barbels hanging from the chin, but plankton-feeders and carnivorous species de- pend largely on sight for seizing individual prey. Young fish of many species live largely on plank- ton, even though as adults they feed on something quite different. A 10-centimeter perch requires 130 mg dry weight of food per day during the summer, the equivalent of about 37,300 Cyclops. The perch would have to consume Cyclops at a rate of 26 per minute throughout the day in order to ingest such a total. A 20-centimeter perch would require 600,000 Cyclops per day, ingested at a rate of 417 per minute, which is doubtless beyond its efficiency of intake. By con- suming only four small fish g dry weight each, the perch could obtain the same energy intake (Allen 1935). Most lake-inhabiting birds subsist mainly on fish, diving for their food. Gulls take only dead fish, which they find floating on the surface or
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookcollectionbiodive, booksubjectanimalecology
