. A treatise on practical anatomy: for students of anatomy and surgery . ncrease in length from the firstto the seventh ; the upper four are directed nearly hori-zontally inward, the fifth and those below pass upwardand inward; the sixth and seventh are connected by asingle broad piece of cartilage; the eighth is attachedto the seventh, and is also inserted into its inferior borderabout an inch external to the sternum; the ninth andtenth are similarly arranged. The anterior extremitiesof the eleventh and twelfth ribs articulate with short,spur-hke pieces of cartilage, the apices of which are f
. A treatise on practical anatomy: for students of anatomy and surgery . ncrease in length from the firstto the seventh ; the upper four are directed nearly hori-zontally inward, the fifth and those below pass upwardand inward; the sixth and seventh are connected by asingle broad piece of cartilage; the eighth is attachedto the seventh, and is also inserted into its inferior borderabout an inch external to the sternum; the ninth andtenth are similarly arranged. The anterior extremitiesof the eleventh and twelfth ribs articulate with short,spur-hke pieces of cartilage, the apices of which are free. THE RIBS. The ribs consist of twelve pairs of flat bones, whichassist in forming the posterior, lateral, and anterior wallof the chest. They are divided into five true, five false, THE RIBS. 101 and two floating. The upper five are the true ribs;thev arch outward from the vertebral column, and arecontinued to the sternum, each by a single piece of costalcartilage (the true costal cartilages). The false ribs arethe sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth, and are. JiafU mrtieiif»r/tttt Single mrttcfmc Fig. 46.—The Peculiar Ribs. articulated anteriorly with the sternum through themedium of the false costal cartilages. The eleventh andtwelfth are the floating ribs. A rib presents for exami-nation a head, a neck, a tuberosity, shaft, angle andsternal extremity. The head, flattened, reniform in out-line, presents two articular facets,—an upper smaller and 102 PRACTICAL ANATOMY. a lower larger, separated by a well-defined horizontalridge. The neck, flattened antero-posteriorly, is roughfor the attachment of ligaments and muscles. It isabout one inch long, and lies in front and above thetransverse process of the vertebra below. At the pos-terior inferior part of the neck, at the junction of theneck with the shaft, is the tuberosity,—a rough elevationof bone, well marked in the upper ribs. It presents anarticular surface for articulation with the extremity ofthe transverse
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booksubjectanatomy, bookyear1891
