The co-operative movement in Russia; its history, significance and character . )oint out the J^orovichi-Valday Agricultural and Kustar Society, in the provinceof Novgorod, which plays the part of a Union. A description of the Union of Tar Artels in the provinceof Archangel, will be found in a previous chapter. CHAPTER IV. Some Co-operative Associations. The Union of Tar Artels. IN the iiortli, and also in the forestal parts of theKostroma province, we come across kvistarsengaged in the tar industry. These knstars numbersome 10,000 Ti;ST[>)U THK TAI{. After many years of hard trials
The co-operative movement in Russia; its history, significance and character . )oint out the J^orovichi-Valday Agricultural and Kustar Society, in the provinceof Novgorod, which plays the part of a Union. A description of the Union of Tar Artels in the provinceof Archangel, will be found in a previous chapter. CHAPTER IV. Some Co-operative Associations. The Union of Tar Artels. IN the iiortli, and also in the forestal parts of theKostroma province, we come across kvistarsengaged in the tar industry. These knstars numbersome 10,000 Ti;ST[>)U THK TAI{. After many years of hard trials, after a number offailures in organising the sale of the tar, the kustars havefinally succeeded in eluding the tenacious giip of the monopolists and their agents wiio buy up tiie stulT. The 74 CO-oriCKATlON IN HlSSIA. tar people have now their Union of Tar Artels of theVaga territory, in the province of Archangel. Before the union was the artels were formedfor the duration of one year, at the end of which all themembers of the ax-tels were free to do as they liked, andusually stayed on for another five or six months workingas free laboureis; during this time extreme want and some-times tempting promises on the part of the agents induced them to return to the unorganised competitiveform of selling the tar. In a good many instances the agent, in order to keep themen out of the artel, paid them prices which meant a greatloss to him, but which he knew he would ultimately recoverwith profit, if only he succeeded in breakin
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