. A manual of the principles and practice of road-making: comprising the location, consruction, and improvement of roads (common, macadam, paved, plank, etc.) and rail-roads . fessor Vignoles. The rails are rolled with a slit, orgroove, of a dove-tailed shape, (in its cross-section) run-ning on their under side for their whole length. The boltshave heads of corresponding shape, and are slipped intothe end of the groove, passed along it, and dropped throughholes made at proper intervals in the longitudinal lower ends of the bolts are cut into screws, andwashers and nuts draw the rai
. A manual of the principles and practice of road-making: comprising the location, consruction, and improvement of roads (common, macadam, paved, plank, etc.) and rail-roads . fessor Vignoles. The rails are rolled with a slit, orgroove, of a dove-tailed shape, (in its cross-section) run-ning on their under side for their whole length. The boltshave heads of corresponding shape, and are slipped intothe end of the groove, passed along it, and dropped throughholes made at proper intervals in the longitudinal lower ends of the bolts are cut into screws, andwashers and nuts draw the rails close down to the tim-bers. They are easily tightened, and not exposed to in-jury, while spikes and screws get loose, and their headsare in the way. Upon the Great Western Railroad, between Bristol andLondon, (on which Mr. I. K. Brunei first introduced intoEngland the system of longitudinal bearings) the hollowrail, shown in Fig. 138, was Fig. 138. adopted. The original railsweighed only 44 lbs. to theyard, and w^ere li inch high,the head of the inner screwbeing countersunk. The later ones weigh 70 lbs. to theyard, and are 2| inches high ; the increase of height be-. 308 RAIL-ROADS. ing intended to compensate for not countersinking the nutof the inner screw. The longitudinal timbers are 15 by9 inches, and the cross-ties bolted to them at intervals of9 or 10 feet, are 5 by 8 inches. With such rails, and thebroad gauge, this railroad combines speed and ease ofmotion in the highest degree yet attained. INCLINATION OF THE RAILS. The wheels having a conical shape, they would toucha level rail only on a narrow line, and both would soon beworn into grooves. To prevent this, the rails are some-times inclined inward, so as to meet the cone of the wheelmore directly, and to present a broader bearing usual inclination is from 1 in 29 to 1 in 20. It maybe given by sloping the blocks, or by cutting the sleeperswhich support the rails, or may be formed in the originalroUing of
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1850, booksubjectrailroa, bookyear1853
