. The Eastern Bering Sea Shelf : oceanography and resources / edited by Donald W. Hood and John A. Calder. Oceanography Bering 218 Ice distribution and dynamics. 168° Figure 13-6. Bihourly ocean surface salinities between 2 March (JD-61) and 15 March (JD-74) 1979 from the NOAA ship Surveyor, contoured for the westward and eastward treks respectively. Note that the lighter isohalines have moved south during the two-week period while the heavier isohalines have not appreciably moved. m/sec (McNutt, Chapter 10, this volume, Muench and Ahlnas 1976), and we assume steady- state productio
. The Eastern Bering Sea Shelf : oceanography and resources / edited by Donald W. Hood and John A. Calder. Oceanography Bering 218 Ice distribution and dynamics. 168° Figure 13-6. Bihourly ocean surface salinities between 2 March (JD-61) and 15 March (JD-74) 1979 from the NOAA ship Surveyor, contoured for the westward and eastward treks respectively. Note that the lighter isohalines have moved south during the two-week period while the heavier isohalines have not appreciably moved. m/sec (McNutt, Chapter 10, this volume, Muench and Ahlnas 1976), and we assume steady- state production versus advection of ice m thick with a moderately persistent northerly wind regime for about four months. This is equivalent to growing over 5 m of ice in the growth region during the season. Growing this much lO^/oo ice would in- crease the salinity of 20 m of water by about 5-6°/oo over the season. With different choices for seasonal extent, velocities, and persistence, the range of salinity increase over the season is from °/oo to °/oo. However, since the mean current is from the melt zone toward the growth zone, one would expect some of this salt to be recycled, thereby partially masking the salinity-enhancing process. The lower limit of these values is in agreement with those observed by Coachman et al. (1978) for the shoal region southwest of Nunivak Island. A similar calculation can be made of the number of times the ice pack replaces itself. At a floe speed of m/sec, assuming the pack extends 300 km south of Nome and persists for four months, the pack re- places itself about eight times in the season. With various choices for seasonal extent, velocities, and persistence, the range of possible replacements is from two to ten. It should be remembered, however, that the cycling of the pack is continuous. The number of replacements is an indication of the dynamic and thermodynamic vigor of the system. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS During the winter of 1979,
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