A treatise on architecture and building construction . Fig. 32. piers are shown upon the skewbacks d. At (d) is shown asection of the arch a, an end view of the tie-rod d, and ele-vation of the pier c. 95. The best form of inverted arch is the three-centeredor elliptical, (as shown in Fig-. 33); next, the pointed; third,the circular; and lastly, the segmental arch. Fig. 33 represents the method of getting the lines for thecentering in an elliptical arch. Divide the space shown on. Fig. 33. 50 MASONRY. § 7 the line from a to b into three equal parts, then draw thethree circles c, c, c so that t
A treatise on architecture and building construction . Fig. 32. piers are shown upon the skewbacks d. At (d) is shown asection of the arch a, an end view of the tie-rod d, and ele-vation of the pier c. 95. The best form of inverted arch is the three-centeredor elliptical, (as shown in Fig-. 33); next, the pointed; third,the circular; and lastly, the segmental arch. Fig. 33 represents the method of getting the lines for thecentering in an elliptical arch. Divide the space shown on. Fig. 33. 50 MASONRY. § 7 the line from a to b into three equal parts, then draw thethree circles c, c, c so that the circumferences of these circleswill be tangent at d, d. Then carry the perpendicular line£^-/through the center of the middle circle; the point/where it intersects the circumference of the circle, gives thecenter of the arch from g to //. From / draw lines throughd, d to ^^and h. The intersection of these lines at d, d givesthe centers of the arch from g to a and from Ji to /;. At /Cis shown the 13 inches of brick in the arch, and at / the con-crete under it. This form of arch is used frequently in theconstruction of sewers. FOUNDATION WALLS. GEIVKRAT. CON8IBERATIONS. 96. The foimaatiou avails above the footing coitrsesare usually of stone or brick. The method of buildingbrick foundations is the same as for all brick walls, there-fore it will not be described here, but taken up underBrickwork. THICKNESS OF WALLS. 97. A very good rule to fix the thickness of stone foun
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