. Railroad construction, theory and practice; a text-book for the use of students in colleges and technical schools, and a hand-book for the use of engineers in field and office . es for 4 feet span- The side waUs should be carried downdeep enough to prevent their being undermined by scour orheaved by frost. The use of cement mortar is also an importantfeature of first-class work, especially when there is a rapid scour-ing current or a liability that the culvert will run under a Figs. 102 and 103 are shown standard plans for single anddouble stone box culverts as used on the Norfolk &
. Railroad construction, theory and practice; a text-book for the use of students in colleges and technical schools, and a hand-book for the use of engineers in field and office . es for 4 feet span- The side waUs should be carried downdeep enough to prevent their being undermined by scour orheaved by frost. The use of cement mortar is also an importantfeature of first-class work, especially when there is a rapid scour-ing current or a liability that the culvert will run under a Figs. 102 and 103 are shown standard plans for single anddouble stone box culverts as used on the Norfolk & Western Old^rail culverts. It sometimes happens (although veryrarely) that it is necessary to bring the grade line within 3 or 4feet of the bottom of a stream and yet allow an area of 10 or 12Bquare feet. A single large pipe of sufficient area could not beused in this case. The use of several smaller pipes side by sidewould be both expensive and inefficient. For similar reasonsneither wooden nor stone box culverts could be used. In suchCases, as well as in many others where the head-room is not solimited, the plan illustrated in Fig. 104 is a very satisfactory. BROKEN STONE BALLAST _ ^TTTTTTTTTT»TTrTTTTTTTtTTTTTTTTTTTTTT|
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Keywords: ., bookauthorwebbwalt, bookcentury1900, bookdecade1920, bookyear1922
