. The development of ophthalmology in America, 1800 to 1870; a contribution to ophthalmologic history and biography; an address delivered in abstract before the section of ophthalmology of the American medical association, June 4, 1907 . of organizing the AmericanOphthalmological Society, that an ophthalmologic Jour-nal was regarded a desideratum, and yet it was notdeemed best to undertake the publishing of one at thattime. Perhaps the experience of Dr. Homberger wasa warning against it. Soon, however, a distinguishedand energetic Heidelberg professor, Dr. Herman Knapp,came to this country and


. The development of ophthalmology in America, 1800 to 1870; a contribution to ophthalmologic history and biography; an address delivered in abstract before the section of ophthalmology of the American medical association, June 4, 1907 . of organizing the AmericanOphthalmological Society, that an ophthalmologic Jour-nal was regarded a desideratum, and yet it was notdeemed best to undertake the publishing of one at thattime. Perhaps the experience of Dr. Homberger wasa warning against it. Soon, however, a distinguishedand energetic Heidelberg professor, Dr. Herman Knapp,came to this country and took up his residence in NewYork. This was in 1868. In the following year heestablished his Archives. This journal had a vigorousbeginning and gave assurance of perpetuity. With therealization of such perpetuity, with the maintenance ofits high and scientific ideals and standards, it has provedto be a most powerful engine of ophthalmologic progressin this country. IXOTHER FACTORS OF ADVANCEMENT. At this period also medical college after medical col-lege was establishing special lectureships and professor-ships of ophthalmology. Institutions for diseases of the eye were still beingorganized. The Ophthalmic and Aural Institute was. THE FIRST MANHATTAN EYE AND EAR HOSPITAL,34TH STREET. founded by Herman Knapp in 1868; the Brooklyn Eyeand Ear Hospital by Arthur Matthewson, late of theUnited States Army, and Homer C. Newton, late ofthe United States Navy, assisted by Cornelius E. Ag-new, in 1868; the Manhattan Eye and Ear Hospitalby Cornelius E. Agnew in 1869. SOME NOTEWORTHY CONTRIBUTIONS DURING THE TWODECADES AETER 1850. The first of these to which I wish to call attention isthe needle-knife of Dr. Hays for the operation for OPHTHALMOLOGY IN AMERICA. 175 cataract by solution or absorption.^^ Not only did thisinstrument admirably serve the purpose for which itwas designed by Dr. Hays, but it is still an excellentknife for discission of after-cataract. Dr. Hays de-scribed it, in 18


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